Abstract
In this research, eight local mung bean (Vigna radiata) varieties were analyzed for their performance against two levels of CdCl2 solution (0.3 and 0.5 mM) alone and priming with gibberellic acid (GA3) (100 μM), salicylic acid (SA) (50 μM) and proline (5 mM) solution prior to Cd exposure. Mung bean seedlings were analyzed for disturbance in cytological, morphological, biochemical and enzymatic parameters under cadmium stress. For cytological studies, 48 h grown mung bean seedlings root tips were used to prepare slides and studied for percent mitotic index (MI%) and to calculate percent C-mitosis, laggard, sticky and fragmented chromosomes, pictures were captured by a Nikon camera (DS-Fi 1 Japan) attached with a microscope. One-week grown mung seedlings were studied for growth traits, malondialdehyde (MDA), protein, proline and antioxidant enzymes. ANOVA and DMR test of this research revealed that all the tested mung bean varieties and treatments were significantly different regarding mitotic index and number of chromosomal aberrations. Both the Cd treatments exhibited increased total chromosomal aberrations with different types and a maximum decrease in MI%. In pretreated samples, GA3, SA and proline serve as mitigating agents that reduce mutagenic effects of Cd in mung bean by increasing MI% and decreasing chromosomal aberrations as compared to non-pretreated samples. Both the Cd treatments showed a decrease in all growth traits. Total proteins were also found to be significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner in all genotypes. Cd treatment increased the activities of all antioxidant enzymes tested. Cd caused oxidative damage as indicated by elevated levels of MDA content in treated samples in comparison to control. Proline content levels were also high in Cd treated seedlings indicating stress. Results demonstrated that pretreatment with phytohormones and proline before Cd were found to improve all morphological parameters, by altering antioxidant enzymes activities along with a decrease in MDA and proline contents as well. It was further noticed that the performance of GA3 was better at 0.3 mM Cd treatment while SA was found to be a good mitigating agent at 0.5 mM Cd stress in all tested mung bean varieties. This research concluded less deleterious effects of Cd on AZRI-2006 while more sensitivity to NM-51 towards Cd. Priming with phytohormones and proline is a user-friendly, economical, and simple mitigation strategy to reduce Cd toxicity in plants and get better yield from contaminated lands.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Mung bean varieties and treatments differed significantly in mitotic index and chromosomal aberrations.
- Taxon
- mung bean
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatae0 - Outcome
- mitotic index and number of chromosomal aberrationse0
- Direction
- differente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“all the tested mung bean varieties and treatments were significantly different regarding mitotic index and number of chromosomal aberrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Both cadmium treatments increased total chromosomal aberrations.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Cd treatmentse0
- Outcome
- total chromosomal aberrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both the Cd treatments exhibited increased total chromosomal aberrations”
t0“mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Both cadmium treatments decreased mitotic index maximally.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Cd treatmentse0
- Outcome
- MI%e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both the Cd treatments exhibited increased total chromosomal aberrations with different types and a maximum decrease in MI%”
t0“mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 priming increased mitotic index relative to non-pretreated samples.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- GA3e0
- Outcome
- MI%e0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Comparator
- non-pretreated samplese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA3, SA and proline serve as mitigating agents that reduce mutagenic effects of Cd in mung bean by increasing MI% and decreasing chromosomal aberrations as compared to non-pretreated samples”
Claim · model-written summary
SA priming increased mitotic index relative to non-pretreated samples.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- MI%e0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Comparator
- non-pretreated samplese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA3, SA and proline serve as mitigating agents that reduce mutagenic effects of Cd in mung bean by increasing MI% and decreasing chromosomal aberrations as compared to non-pretreated samples”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline priming increased mitotic index relative to non-pretreated samples.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- prolinee0
- Outcome
- MI%e0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Comparator
- non-pretreated samplese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA3, SA and proline serve as mitigating agents that reduce mutagenic effects of Cd in mung bean by increasing MI% and decreasing chromosomal aberrations as compared to non-pretreated samples”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 priming decreased chromosomal aberrations relative to non-pretreated samples.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- GA3e0
- Outcome
- chromosomal aberrationse0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Comparator
- non-pretreated samplese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA3, SA and proline serve as mitigating agents that reduce mutagenic effects of Cd in mung bean by increasing MI% and decreasing chromosomal aberrations as compared to non-pretreated samples”
Claim · model-written summary
SA priming decreased chromosomal aberrations relative to non-pretreated samples.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- chromosomal aberrationse0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Comparator
- non-pretreated samplese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA3, SA and proline serve as mitigating agents that reduce mutagenic effects of Cd in mung bean by increasing MI% and decreasing chromosomal aberrations as compared to non-pretreated samples”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline priming decreased chromosomal aberrations relative to non-pretreated samples.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatae0
- Treatment
- prolinee0
- Outcome
- chromosomal aberrationse0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Comparator
- non-pretreated samplese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA3, SA and proline serve as mitigating agents that reduce mutagenic effects of Cd in mung bean by increasing MI% and decreasing chromosomal aberrations as compared to non-pretreated samples”
Claim · model-written summary
Both cadmium treatments decreased all measured growth traits.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Cd treatmentse0
- Outcome
- all growth traitse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both the Cd treatments showed a decrease in all growth traits”
t0“mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium significantly reduced total proteins in a dose-dependent manner across genotypes.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Cd treatmente1
- Outcome
- Total proteinse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- dose-dependent manner in all genotypese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total proteins were also found to be significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner in all genotypes”
t0“mung bean”
e1“Cd treatment increased the activities of all antioxidant enzymes tested”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased all tested antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Cd treatmente0
- Outcome
- activities of all antioxidant enzymes testede0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd treatment increased the activities of all antioxidant enzymes tested”
t0“mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium elevated MDA content relative to control.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- MDA contente0
- Direction
- elevatede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd caused oxidative damage as indicated by elevated levels of MDA content in treated samples in comparison to control”
t0“mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium-treated seedlings had high proline content.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- Proline content levelse0
- Direction
- highe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proline content levels were also high in Cd treated seedlings”
t0“mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming with phytohormones and proline improved morphological parameters before cadmium exposure.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- pretreatment with phytohormones and proline before Cde0
- Outcome
- all morphological parameterse0
- Direction
- improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pretreatment with phytohormones and proline before Cd were found to improve all morphological parameters”
t0“mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming altered antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymes activitiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“by altering antioxidant enzymes activities”
t0“mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming decreased MDA and proline contents.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Outcome
- MDA and proline contentse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“along with a decrease in MDA and proline contents as well”
t0“mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 performed better under 0.3 mM Cd stress.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- 0.3 mM Cd treatmente0
- Outcome
- performance of GA3e0
- Direction
- bettere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the performance of GA3 was better at 0.3 mM Cd treatment”
t0“mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
SA was a good mitigating agent under 0.5 mM Cd stress.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- 0.5 mM Cd stresse0
- Outcome
- good mitigating agente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA was found to be a good mitigating agent at 0.5 mM Cd stress”
t0“mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
AZRI-2006 had less deleterious cadmium effects, whereas NM-51 was more sensitive.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Material
- AZRI-2006e0
- Outcome
- less deleterious effects of Cde0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- NM-51e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“less deleterious effects of Cd on AZRI-2006 while more sensitivity to NM-51 towards Cd”
t0“mung bean”
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See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.