Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) plays an essential role in abiotic stress in plants, but its mechanism in drought tolerance is unclear. To better understand the protective roles of melatonin against drought stress, we investigated the effect of foliar application with exogenous melatonin on plant growth, physiological responses, and antioxidant enzyme activities in rice seedlings under drought stress. Rice seedlings were grown for 21 days, and foliar sprayed with 0, 50, 100, 200, and 300 µM melatonin. The control plant was watered daily, while the others were subjected to drought stress by withholding water for seven days. The results showed that drought stress significantly reduced plant growth, relative water content, and chlorophyll content. Electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were also negatively affected by drought stress. Application of melatonin alleviated the effects of drought stress by increasing plant growth, improving relative water content and chlorophyll content, and decreasing electrolyte leakage, MDA, and H2O2. Foliar application with melatonin also increased antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX). In addition, melatonin also enhanced proline and total soluble sugar accumulation during drought stress. It is, therefore, suggested that foliar application with 100 µM melatonin was the most effective for reducing the adverse effects of drought stress in rice plants.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress significantly reduced rice seedling plant growth.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Organ / stage
- seedlingst0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that drought stress significantly reduced plant growth, relative water content, and chlorophyll content.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress significantly reduced rice seedling relative water content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingst0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- relative water contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that drought stress significantly reduced plant growth, relative water content, and chlorophyll content.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress significantly reduced rice seedling chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingst0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that drought stress significantly reduced plant growth, relative water content, and chlorophyll content.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress negatively affected rice seedling electrolyte leakage, MDA content and H2O2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- drought stresse0
- Outcome
- Electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were also negatively affected by drought stress.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin increasing rice seedling plant growth under drought stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- melatonine0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of melatonin alleviated the effects of drought stress by increasing plant growth, improving relative water content and chlorophyll content, and decreasing electrolyte leakage, MDA, and H2O2.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin improving rice seedling relative water content and chlorophyll content under drought stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- melatonine0
- Outcome
- relative water content and chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Qualifier
- drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of melatonin alleviated the effects of drought stress by increasing plant growth, improving relative water content and chlorophyll content, and decreasing electrolyte leakage, MDA, and H2O2.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin decreasing rice seedling electrolyte leakage, MDA, and H2O2 under drought stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- melatonine0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage, MDA, and H2O2e0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Qualifier
- drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of melatonin alleviated the effects of drought stress by increasing plant growth, improving relative water content and chlorophyll content, and decreasing electrolyte leakage, MDA, and H2O2.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar melatonin increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Foliar application with melatonine0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application with melatonin also increased antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX).”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar melatonin increased activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX).
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Foliar application with melatonine0
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application with melatonin also increased antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX).”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin enhanced proline and total soluble sugar accumulation during drought stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- melatonine0
- Outcome
- proline and total soluble sugar accumulatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“melatonin also enhanced proline and total soluble sugar accumulation during drought stress.”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 100 µM foliar melatonin as most effective against drought stress in rice.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- foliar application with 100 µM melatonine0
- Outcome
- most effective for reducing the adverse effects of drought stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application with 100 µM melatonin was the most effective for reducing the adverse effects of drought stress in rice plants.”
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See all 92 papers →8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.