Abstract
Suitable nitrogen (N) fertilisation is key for economic and environmental sustainability of croplands, and little is known on the potential of slow-release N sources to mitigate nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions in paddy rice growing in subtropical lowlands. We assessed the impact of controlled-released N fertiliser (CRNF) on partial global warming potential (pGWP) and yield-scaled greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (GHG emission per unit of yield) in comparison to common urea in irrigated rice growing in a Typic Albaqualf in southern Brazil. The field experiment comprised four treatments: (1) control; (2) common urea applied into three splits, and CRNF applied at rice sowing; (3) on soil surface; and (4) in the seeding furrow. The N fertilisers did not increase N2O emissions when compared to control with exception of CRNF at the seeding furrow. However, N fertilisation increased CH4 emissions, with exception of the CRNF applied to the seeding furrow. Rice grain yields (7954–8637 kg ha−1) were not affected by N sources. The pGWP (11 683–14 297 kg CO2 eq ha−1) and the yield-scaled GHG (1.47–1.74 kg CO2 eq kg−1 grain) were similar among N sources. N fertilisation is a crucial practice to obtain high rice yields, which did not affect negatively the yield-scaled GHG emissions in this subtropical environment under continuous flood irrigation. CRNF applied at rice sowing provides rice grain productivity and agronomic efficiency similar to common urea applied into three splits.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizers generally did not increase N2O emissions versus control.
- Treatment
- N fertiliserse0
- Outcome
- N2O emissionse0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
- Qualifier
- with exception of CRNF at the seeding furrowe0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The N fertilisers did not increase N2O emissions when compared to control with exception of CRNF at the seeding furrow.”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer in the seeding furrow increased N2O emissions versus control.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“The N fertilisers did not increase N2O emissions when compared to control with exception of CRNF at the seeding furrow.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization increased methane emissions except when CRNF was applied in the seeding furrow.
- Treatment
- N fertilisatione0
- Outcome
- CH4 emissionse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- with exception of the CRNF applied to the seeding furrowe0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“However, N fertilisation increased CH4 emissions, with exception of the CRNF applied to the seeding furrow.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice grain yields of 7954–8637 kg ha−1 were unaffected by nitrogen source.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- N sourcese0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- not affectede0
- Value
- 7954–8637 kg ha−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice grain yields (7954–8637 kg ha−1) were not affected by N sources.”
Claim · model-written summary
Partial global warming potential of 11 683–14 297 kg CO2 eq ha−1 was similar among nitrogen sources.
- Treatment
- N sourcese0
- Outcome
- pGWPe0
- Direction
- similare0
- Value
- 11 683–14 297 kg CO2 eq ha−1e0
- Comparator
- N sourcese0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The pGWP (11 683–14 297 kg CO2 eq ha−1) and the yield-scaled GHG (1.47–1.74 kg CO2 eq kg−1 grain) were similar among N sources.”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield-scaled greenhouse gas emissions of 1.47–1.74 kg CO2 eq kg−1 grain were similar among nitrogen sources.
- Treatment
- N sourcese0
- Outcome
- yield-scaled GHGe0
- Direction
- similare0
- Value
- 1.47–1.74 kg CO2 eq kg−1 graine0
- Comparator
- N sourcese0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The pGWP (11 683–14 297 kg CO2 eq ha−1) and the yield-scaled GHG (1.47–1.74 kg CO2 eq kg−1 grain) were similar among N sources.”
Claim · model-written summary
CRNF applied at sowing delivered rice grain productivity similar to urea applied in three splits.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- CRNF applied at rice sowinge0
- Outcome
- grain productivitye0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- common urea applied into three splitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CRNF applied at rice sowing provides rice grain productivity and agronomic efficiency similar to common urea applied into three splits.”
Claim · model-written summary
CRNF applied at sowing delivered agronomic efficiency similar to urea applied in three splits.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- CRNF applied at rice sowinge0
- Outcome
- agronomic efficiencye0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- common urea applied into three splitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CRNF applied at rice sowing provides rice grain productivity and agronomic efficiency similar to common urea applied into three splits.”
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