Abstract
Heat stress limits wheat production and trehalose can improve stress tolerance. How trehalose affects wheat respiration is unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of exogenous trehalose on the respiration of wheat seedlings during heat stress and the subsequent recovery period. Trehalose pretreatment significantly increased the expression of the alternative oxidase genes AOX1a and AOX1c under heat stress, indicating that trehalose pretreatment increased the capacity of the alternative respiration pathway (AP) in response to heat stress. Trehalose pretreatment also enhanced the activity of the malate-oxaloacetate (Mal-OAA) shuttle and ameliorated the decrease in photosynthetic activity caused by heat stress. However, when the AP was inhibited by salicylhydroxamic acid under heat stress, both Mal-OAA shuttle activity and photosynthetic efficiency were substantially reduced in the control and trehalose pretreatment groups. In addition, trehalose pretreatment helped to maintain inner mitochondrial respiratory activity and the activity of Complex II during heat stress, particularly the coupling of oxidative phosphorylation with the Complex II electron transport chain, thereby mitigating heat-related damage to the cytochrome pathway (CP). Taken together, these results suggest that exogenous trehalose enhanced the AP and reduced damage to the CP under heat stress in wheat seedlings, thus maintaining cellular energy metabolism. Up-regulation of the AP by trehalose pretreatment may improve the heat tolerance of wheat seedlings by dissipating excess reducing equivalents transported through the Mal-OAA shuttle, thereby protecting photosynthetic performance.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose pretreatment significantly increased AOX1a expression under heat stress in wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- seedlingst0
- Treatment
- Trehalose pretreatmente0
- Gene
- AOX1ae0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under heat stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trehalose pretreatment significantly increased the expression of the alternative oxidase genes AOX1a and AOX1c under heat stress”
t0“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose pretreatment significantly increased AOX1c expression under heat stress in wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingst0
- Treatment
- Trehalose pretreatmente0
- Gene
- AOX1ce0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under heat stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trehalose pretreatment significantly increased the expression of the alternative oxidase genes AOX1a and AOX1c under heat stress”
t0“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose pretreatment increased alternative respiration pathway capacity under heat stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- trehalose pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- capacity of the alternative respiration pathway (AP)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“trehalose pretreatment increased the capacity of the alternative respiration pathway (AP) in response to heat stress”
t0“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose pretreatment enhanced Mal-OAA shuttle activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Trehalose pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- activity of the malate-oxaloacetate (Mal-OAA) shuttlee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trehalose pretreatment also enhanced the activity of the malate-oxaloacetate (Mal-OAA) shuttle”
t0“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose pretreatment ameliorated the heat-induced decrease in photosynthetic activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Trehalose pretreatmente1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic activitye0
- Direction
- ameliorated the decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ameliorated the decrease in photosynthetic activity caused by heat stress”
e1“Trehalose pretreatment also enhanced”
t0“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibiting the alternative pathway with salicylhydroxamic acid substantially reduced Mal-OAA shuttle activity in both control and trehalose-pretreated wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salicylhydroxamic acide0
- Outcome
- Mal-OAA shuttle activitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control and trehalose pretreatment groupse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when the AP was inhibited by salicylhydroxamic acid under heat stress, both Mal-OAA shuttle activity and photosynthetic efficiency were substantially reduced in the control and trehalose pretreatment groups”
t0“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibiting the alternative pathway with salicylhydroxamic acid substantially reduced photosynthetic efficiency in both control and trehalose-pretreated wheat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salicylhydroxamic acide0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic efficiencye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- control and trehalose pretreatment groupse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when the AP was inhibited by salicylhydroxamic acid under heat stress, both Mal-OAA shuttle activity and photosynthetic efficiency were substantially reduced in the control and trehalose pretreatment groups”
t0“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose pretreatment helped maintain inner mitochondrial respiratory activity during heat stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- trehalose pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- inner mitochondrial respiratory activitye0
- Direction
- maintaine0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“trehalose pretreatment helped to maintain inner mitochondrial respiratory activity and the activity of Complex II during heat stress, particularly the coupling of oxidative phosphorylation with the Complex II electron transport chain”
t0“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose pretreatment helped maintain activity of Complex II during heat stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- trehalose pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- activity of Complex IIe0
- Direction
- maintaine0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“trehalose pretreatment helped to maintain inner mitochondrial respiratory activity and the activity of Complex II during heat stress, particularly the coupling of oxidative phosphorylation with the Complex II electron transport chain”
t0“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose pretreatment helped maintain coupling of oxidative phosphorylation with the Complex II electron transport chain during heat stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- trehalose pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- coupling of oxidative phosphorylation with the Complex II electron transport chaine0
- Direction
- maintaine0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“trehalose pretreatment helped to maintain inner mitochondrial respiratory activity and the activity of Complex II during heat stress, particularly the coupling of oxidative phosphorylation with the Complex II electron transport chain”
t0“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose pretreatment mitigated heat-related damage to the cytochrome pathway.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- trehalose pretreatmente1
- Outcome
- heat-related damage to the cytochrome pathway (CP)e0
- Direction
- mitigatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thereby mitigating heat-related damage to the cytochrome pathway (CP)”
e1“trehalose pretreatment helped to maintain”
t0“wheat seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that trehalose-mediated alternative respiration may improve wheat seedling heat tolerance by dissipating reducing equivalents and protecting photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse0
- Treatment
- trehalose pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- heat tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- dissipating excess reducing equivalents transported through the Mal-OAA shuttlee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Up-regulation of the AP by trehalose pretreatment may improve the heat tolerance of wheat seedlings by dissipating excess reducing equivalents transported through the Mal-OAA shuttle, thereby protecting photosynthetic performance”
The same questions in other papers
trehalose · physiology: photosynthesis · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →trehalose · molecular: expression · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
salicylhydroxamic acid · physiology: photosynthesis · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.