Abstract
Powdery mildew would be one of the most damaging wheat diseases without the extensive use of conventional fungicides. Some of the alternative control strategies currently emerging are based on the use of resistance inducers. The disacharride trehalose (TR) is classically described as an inducer of defenses in plants to abiotic stress. In this work, the elicitor or priming effect of TR was investigated in wheat both before and during a compatible wheat-powdery mildew interaction through molecular, biochemical, and cytological approaches. In noninoculated conditions, TR elicited the expression of genes encoding chitinase (chi, chi1, and chi4 precursor), pathogenesis-related protein 1, as well as oxalate oxidase (oxo). Moreover, lipid metabolism was shown to be altered by TR spraying via the upregulation of lipoxygenase (lox) and lipid-transfer protein (ltp)-encoding gene expression. On the other hand, the protection conferred by TR to wheat against powdery mildew is associated with the induction of two specific defense markers. Indeed, in infectious conditions following TR spraying, upregulations of chi4 precursor and lox gene expression as well as an induction of the LOX activity were observed. These results are also discussed with regard to the impact of TR on the fungal infectious process, which was shown to be stopped at the appressorial germ tube stage. Our findings strongly suggest that TR is a true inducer of wheat defense and resistance, at least toward powdery mildew.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose elicited chitinase, pathogenesis-related protein 1, and oxalate oxidase gene expression without inoculation.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- TRe0
- Outcome
- expression of genes encoding chitinase (chi, chi1, and chi4 precursor), pathogenesis-related protein 1, as well as oxalate oxidase (oxo)e0
- Direction
- elicitede0
- Qualifier
- noninoculated conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In noninoculated conditions, TR elicited the expression of genes encoding chitinase (chi, chi1, and chi4 precursor), pathogenesis-related protein 1, as well as oxalate oxidase (oxo)”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose spraying upregulated lipoxygenase and lipid-transfer protein gene expression.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- TR sprayinge0
- Outcome
- lipoxygenase (lox) and lipid-transfer protein (ltp)-encoding gene expressione0
- Direction
- upregulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lipid metabolism was shown to be altered by TR spraying via the upregulation of lipoxygenase (lox) and lipid-transfer protein (ltp)-encoding gene expression”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose spraying upregulated chi4 precursor expression under infection.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- TR sprayinge0
- Gene
- chi4 precursore0
- Outcome
- chi4 precursor and lox gene expressione0
- Direction
- upregulationse0
- Qualifier
- infectious conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in infectious conditions following TR spraying, upregulations of chi4 precursor and lox gene expression as well as an induction of the LOX activity were observed”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose spraying induced LOX activity under infection.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- TR sprayinge0
- Gene
- LOXe0
- Outcome
- LOX activitye0
- Direction
- inductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in infectious conditions following TR spraying, upregulations of chi4 precursor and lox gene expression as well as an induction of the LOX activity were observed”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Trehalose stopped the powdery mildew infectious process at the appressorial germ tube stage.
- Taxon
- Powdery Mildewt0
- Organ / stage
- appressorial germ tube stagee0
- Treatment
- TRe0
- Outcome
- fungal infectious processe0
- Direction
- stoppede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the impact of TR on the fungal infectious process, which was shown to be stopped at the appressorial germ tube stage”
t0“Wheat Before and During a Biotic Stress Caused by Powdery Mildew”
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