Abstract
The various fungal communities that adhere to apple fruit are influenced by agricultural practices. However, the effects of fruit bagging-based management practice on the fungal microbiota are still unknown, and little is known about the fungal communities of bagged apple fruit. We conducted a study using apple fruit grown in a conventionally managed orchard where pesticide use is an indispensable practice. Fungal communities were collected from the calyx-end and peel tissues of bagged and unbagged fruit and characterized using barcode-type next-generation sequencing. Fruit bagging had a stronger effect on fungal richness, abundance, and diversity of the fungal microbiota in comparison to non-bagging. In addition, bagging also impacted the compositional variation of the fungal communities inhabiting each fruit part. We observed that fruit bagging had a tendency to maintain ecological equilibrium since Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were more distributed in bagged fruit than in unbagged fruit. These fungal communities consist of beneficial fungi rather than potentially harmful fungi. Approximately 50 dominant taxa were detected in bagged fruit, for example, beneficial genera such as Articulospora, Bullera, Cryptococcus, Dioszegia, Erythrobasidium, and Sporobolomyces, as well as pathogenic genera such as Aureobasidium and Taphrina. These results suggested that fruit bagging could significantly increase fungal richness and promote healthy fungal communities, especially the harmless fungal communities, which might be helpful for protecting fruit from the effects of pathogens. This study provides a foundation for understanding the impacts of bagging-based practice on the associated fungal microbiota.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit bagging had a stronger effect than non-bagging on fungal richness, abundance and diversity of apple fruit.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Treatment
- Fruit bagginge1
- Outcome
- fungal richness, abundance, and diversity of the fungal microbiotae1
- Direction
- stronger effecte1
- Comparator
- non-bagginge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using apple fruit grown in a conventionally managed orchard”
e1“Fruit bagging had a stronger effect on fungal richness, abundance, and diversity of the fungal microbiota in comparison to non-bagging”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit bagging impacted the compositional variation of the fungal communities in each apple fruit part.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- bagginge2
- Outcome
- compositional variation of the fungal communitiese2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using apple fruit grown in a conventionally managed orchard”
e2“bagging also impacted the compositional variation of the fungal communities inhabiting each fruit part”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were more distributed in bagged apple fruit than in unbagged fruit, a tendency to maintain ecological equilibrium.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- fruit bagginge3
- Outcome
- Ascomycota and Basidiomycotae3
- Direction
- more distributede3
- Comparator
- unbagged fruite3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using apple fruit grown in a conventionally managed orchard”
e3“fruit bagging had a tendency to maintain ecological equilibrium since Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were more distributed in bagged fruit than in unbagged fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal communities on bagged apple fruit consist of beneficial fungi rather than potentially harmful fungi.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- beneficial fungi rather than potentially harmful fungie4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using apple fruit grown in a conventionally managed orchard”
e4“These fungal communities consist of beneficial fungi rather than potentially harmful fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
About 50 dominant fungal taxa were detected in bagged apple fruit, including pathogenic Aureobasidium and Taphrina.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Interactor
- Aureobasidium
Aureobasidiume5pathogen - Outcome
- dominant taxae5
- Value
- Approximately 50e5
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TaphrinaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“using apple fruit grown in a conventionally managed orchard”
e5“Approximately 50 dominant taxa were detected in bagged fruit, for example, beneficial genera such as Articulospora, Bullera, Cryptococcus, Dioszegia, Erythrobasidium, and Sporobolomyces, as well as pathogenic genera such as Aureobasidium and Taphrina”
The same questions in other papers
trap barrier · organism · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.