Abstract
Grafting in tomatoes is widely used to increase tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses and productivity. Divergent information is available on the impact of somatogenetic interactions between rootstock and scion on the nutritional status and fruit quality attributes of tomato. The productivity of tomato grafting and produce quality are also influenced by agronomic practices such as production systems and growing environments. This study evaluated the effects of grafting on metabolic traits contributing to the quality of fruits grown in protected (high tunnel, HT) and unprotected (open field, OF) production systems across three Texas environments (Overton, Uvalde, and Weslaco) during two spring seasons. Grafted combinations included two rootstocks (“Estamino” and “Multifort”) and two scions (“TAM. Hot Ty”, “Tycoon” in 2017; and “TAM Hot Ty”, “HM1823” in 2018). Over the two seasons, fruits of grafted tomato plants exhibited a 10–18% reduction in ascorbic acid (vitamin C) content, but total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), and most metabolites such as sucrose, glucose, fructose, polyphenol, and carotenoids (lycopene, β-carotene, lutein) were unaffected by grafting. Conversely, the production system (HT vs OF) significantly influenced fruit quality traits with HT increasing lycopene (36%), β-carotene (20%), fructose (16.7%), glucose (14.3%), and TSS/TA (B/A ratio) (22%) as compared to OF in the 2017 season but not 2018. Tomato fruit quality was also impacted by the environment and its interactions with production systems. In the 2017 growing season, Uvalde grown fruits possessed significantly higher carotenoids and lower vitamin C, whereas in 2018 lycopene, β-carotene, and vitamin C content were lowest in Uvalde fruits compared to other environments. A significant environmental variation in the accumulation of carotenoids (lycopene, β-carotene, and lutein) and ascorbic acid was observed among growing environments. The study suggests that metabolic traits related to fruit quality in tomato are mostly affected by the production system and growing environments.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting reduced tomato fruit ascorbic acid content by 10–18% over two seasons.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- graftede0
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid (vitamin C) contente0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 10–18%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Over the two seasons, fruits of grafted tomato plants exhibited a 10–18% reduction in ascorbic acid (vitamin C) content”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting did not affect total soluble solids, titratable acidity or most listed fruit metabolites.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- graftinge0
- Outcome
- total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA)e0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
- Qualifier
- most metabolites such as sucrose, glucose, fructose, polyphenol, and carotenoids (lycopene, β-carotene, lutein)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), and most metabolites such as sucrose, glucose, fructose, polyphenol, and carotenoids (lycopene, β-carotene, lutein) were unaffected by grafting.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
High tunnel production increased fruit lycopene by 36% relative to open field in 2017.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- HTe0
- Outcome
- lycopenee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 36%e0
- Qualifier
- in the 2017 season but not 2018e0
- Comparator
- OFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HT increasing lycopene (36%), β-carotene (20%), fructose (16.7%), glucose (14.3%), and TSS/TA (B/A ratio) (22%) as compared to OF in the 2017 season but not 2018.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
High tunnel production increased fruit β-carotene by 20% relative to open field in 2017.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- HTe0
- Outcome
- β-carotenee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Comparator
- OFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HT increasing lycopene (36%), β-carotene (20%), fructose (16.7%), glucose (14.3%), and TSS/TA (B/A ratio) (22%) as compared to OF in the 2017 season but not 2018.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
High tunnel production increased fruit fructose by 16.7% relative to open field in 2017.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- HTe0
- Outcome
- fructosee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 16.7%e0
- Comparator
- OFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HT increasing lycopene (36%), β-carotene (20%), fructose (16.7%), glucose (14.3%), and TSS/TA (B/A ratio) (22%) as compared to OF in the 2017 season but not 2018.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
High tunnel production increased fruit glucose by 14.3% relative to open field in 2017.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- HTe0
- Outcome
- glucosee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 14.3%e0
- Comparator
- OFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HT increasing lycopene (36%), β-carotene (20%), fructose (16.7%), glucose (14.3%), and TSS/TA (B/A ratio) (22%) as compared to OF in the 2017 season but not 2018.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
High tunnel production increased fruit TSS/TA ratio by 22% relative to open field in 2017.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- HTe0
- Outcome
- TSS/TA (B/A ratio)e0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 22%e0
- Comparator
- OFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HT increasing lycopene (36%), β-carotene (20%), fructose (16.7%), glucose (14.3%), and TSS/TA (B/A ratio) (22%) as compared to OF in the 2017 season but not 2018.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2017 Uvalde fruit had significantly higher carotenoids.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- carotenoidse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Setting
- Uvaldee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the 2017 growing season, Uvalde grown fruits possessed significantly higher carotenoids and lower vitamin C”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2017 Uvalde fruit had lower vitamin C.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- vitamin Ce0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Setting
- Uvaldee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the 2017 growing season, Uvalde grown fruits possessed significantly higher carotenoids and lower vitamin C”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2018 Uvalde fruit had the lowest lycopene among environments.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- lycopenee0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- other environmentse0
- Setting
- Uvaldee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in 2018 lycopene, β-carotene, and vitamin C content were lowest in Uvalde fruits compared to other environments.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2018 Uvalde fruit had the lowest β-carotene among environments.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- β-carotenee0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- other environmentse0
- Setting
- Uvaldee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in 2018 lycopene, β-carotene, and vitamin C content were lowest in Uvalde fruits compared to other environments.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2018 Uvalde fruit had the lowest vitamin C among environments.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- vitamin C contente0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- other environmentse0
- Setting
- Uvaldee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in 2018 lycopene, β-carotene, and vitamin C content were lowest in Uvalde fruits compared to other environments.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Carotenoid and ascorbic acid accumulation varied significantly across growing environments.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- accumulation of carotenoids (lycopene, β-carotene, and lutein) and ascorbic acide0
- Setting
- growing environmentse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant environmental variation in the accumulation of carotenoids (lycopene, β-carotene, and lutein) and ascorbic acid was observed among growing environments.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that production system and growing environment mostly affected metabolic fruit quality traits.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- metabolic traits related to fruit qualitye0
- Setting
- growing environmentse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“metabolic traits related to fruit quality in tomato are mostly affected by the production system and growing environments.”
The same questions in other papers
grafting · quality: phytochemicals · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
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- negative
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See all 29 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.