Abstract
Tropospheric ozone is a phytotoxic gaseous pollutant with global warming potential that disrupts the plants growth and development directly or through climate change. Ozone enters into a plant???s body through stomatal pores and develops oxidative stress, which results in injury to foliage and modifies leaf micro-morphology and anatomy. A field study was conducted to assess the morphological, micro-morphological, and anatomical response of groundnut cultivars (Arachis hypogaea L.) to enhance the level of ozone. This study observed ozone-like visible injury symptoms on all groundnut cultivars. Visible injury was maximum in cultivar Dh-86 and minimum in cultivar TPG-41. Micro-morphological characteristics, such as increase in stomata, epidermal cells number, and its index, were also increased under enhanced ozone-exposed plants. The highest stomatal index was found in cultivar TPG-41 and lowest were noted in cultivar GG-20. Cultivars TAG-24 > TG-37A > and Dh-86 show moderate modification in the morphological and micro-morphological characteristics of plants. Elevated ozone also affected the stomatal movement and leaf internal tissue. Most of the stomata of all the groundnut cultivars were observed as closed during the enhanced ozone exposure, suggesting a protective mechanism from ozone stress. The study concluded that the micro-morphological and anatomical characteristics are important aspects to determine the effect of ozone on plants and to influence plants sensitivity to ozone. On the basis of these characteristics, cultivar TPG-41 was found to be less sensitivity, while cultivar Dh-86 was found to be highly sensitive to ozone pollution.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Groundnut cultivars showed ozone-like visible injury symptoms under enhanced ozone exposure.
- Taxon
- groundnut
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Treatment
- ground-level ozonet0
- Outcome
- visible injury symptomse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars to ground-level ozone”
e1“This study observed ozone-like visible injury symptoms on all groundnut cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar Dh-86 showed the maximum visible injury under enhanced ozone.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- Dh-86e1
- Treatment
- ground-level ozonet0
- Outcome
- Visible injurye1
- Direction
- maximume1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars to ground-level ozone”
e1“Visible injury was maximum in cultivar Dh-86”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar TPG-41 showed the minimum visible injury under enhanced ozone.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- TPG-41e1
- Treatment
- ground-level ozonet0
- Outcome
- Visible injurye1
- Direction
- minimume1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars to ground-level ozone”
e1“Visible injury was maximum in cultivar Dh-86 and minimum in cultivar TPG-41”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced ozone increased stomata number, epidermal cell number and stomatal index in groundnut.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- enhanced ozonee1
- Outcome
- stomata, epidermal cells number, and its indexe1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars to ground-level ozone”
e1“Micro-morphological characteristics, such as increase in stomata, epidermal cells number, and its index, were also increased under enhanced ozone-exposed plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar TPG-41 had the highest stomatal index among the groundnut cultivars.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- TPG-41e1
- Outcome
- stomatal indexe1
- Direction
- higheste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars to ground-level ozone”
e1“The highest stomatal index was found in cultivar TPG-41 and lowest were noted in cultivar GG-20”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar GG-20 had the lowest stomatal index among the groundnut cultivars.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- GG-20e1
- Outcome
- stomatal indexe1
- Direction
- loweste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars to ground-level ozone”
e1“The highest stomatal index was found in cultivar TPG-41 and lowest were noted in cultivar GG-20”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivars TAG-24, TG-37A and Dh-86 showed moderate modification of morphological and micro-morphological characteristics.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- Dh-86e1
- Outcome
- morphological and micro-morphological characteristicse1
- Qualifier
- moderate modificatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars to ground-level ozone”
e1“Cultivars TAG-24 > TG-37A > and Dh-86 show moderate modification in the morphological and micro-morphological characteristics of plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated ozone affected stomatal movement and leaf internal tissue in groundnut.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Elevated ozonee1
- Outcome
- stomatal movement and leaf internal tissuee1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars to ground-level ozone”
e1“Elevated ozone also affected the stomatal movement and leaf internal tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
Most stomata of all groundnut cultivars were observed as closed during enhanced ozone exposure.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- enhanced ozone exposuree1
- Outcome
- stomatae1
- Qualifier
- observed as closede1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars to ground-level ozone”
e1“Most of the stomata of all the groundnut cultivars were observed as closed during the enhanced ozone exposure, suggesting a protective mechanism from ozone stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal closure under enhanced ozone is interpreted as a protective mechanism against ozone stress.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- enhanced ozone exposuree1
- Outcome
- stomatae1
- Qualifier
- a protective mechanism from ozone stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars to ground-level ozone”
e1“Most of the stomata of all the groundnut cultivars were observed as closed during the enhanced ozone exposure, suggesting a protective mechanism from ozone stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Micro-morphological and anatomical characteristics are important for determining the effect of ozone on groundnut and its sensitivity.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- effect of ozone on plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars to ground-level ozone”
e1“The study concluded that the micro-morphological and anatomical characteristics are important aspects to determine the effect of ozone on plants and to influence plants sensitivity to ozone”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar TPG-41 was less sensitive to ozone.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- TPG-41e1
- Outcome
- sensitivitye1
- Direction
- lesse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars to ground-level ozone”
e1“cultivar TPG-41 was found to be less sensitivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar Dh-86 was highly sensitive to ozone pollution.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- Dh-86e1
- Outcome
- sensitive to ozone pollutione1
- Direction
- highlye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars to ground-level ozone”
e1“cultivar Dh-86 was found to be highly sensitive to ozone pollution”
The same questions in other papers
ozone · crop injury · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.