Abstract
Abstract This work aimed to investigate the interaction between salt stress and the application of silicon dioxide-nanoparticles. In this study, gerbera plants grown in soilless culture were supplied with nutrient solutions with different NaCl concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 mM) in combination with SiO 2 -NPs spray (0, 25 and 50 mg · L −1 ). Exposure of gerbera to salinity increased sodium concentration but decreased potassium and calcium concentrations in leaf as well as stem length/diameter, fresh/dry weight, leaf/flower number, flower diameter and leaf area. It also increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and electrolyte leakage. Results indicated that SiO 2 -NPs could improve growth, biochemical and physiological traits. It increased stem thickness but slightly affected stem length. Flower diameter was not affected by salinity rates up to 10 mM of NaCl. However, a significant difference was observed between controls and plants treated with 30 mM of NaCl. Salinity increased the electrolyte leakage (32.5%), malondialdehyde (83.8%), hydrogen peroxide (113.5%), and the antioxidant enzyme activities such as ascorbate peroxidase (3.4-fold) and guaiacol peroxidase (6-fold) where SiO 2 -NPs activated them more, except for superoxide dismutase. Under salinity (30 mM), the increase in SiO 2 -NPs (especially at 25 mg · L −1 ) led to the increase in the uptake of Ca 2+ (25.3%) as well as K + (27.1%) and decreased absorption of Na + (6.3%). SiO 2 -NPs has potential in improving salinity tolerance in gerbera. It seems that the sensitivity threshold of gerbera to the salinity was 10 mM and the use of SiO 2 -NPs is also effective in non-saline conditions.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased leaf sodium concentration in gerbera.
GerberaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure of gerbera to salinity increased sodium concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased leaf potassium and calcium concentrations in gerbera.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“decreased potassium and calcium concentrations in leaf”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased gerbera stem length and diameter, fresh and dry weight, leaf and flower number, flower diameter, and leaf area.
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- stem length/diameter, fresh/dry weight, leaf/flower number, flower diameter and leaf areae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exposure of gerbera to salinity increased sodium concentration but decreased potassium and calcium concentrations in leaf as well as stem length/diameter, fresh/dry weight, leaf/flower number, flower diameter and leaf area”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased gerbera antioxidant enzyme activities and electrolyte leakage.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“It also increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and electrolyte leakage”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon dioxide nanoparticles improved gerbera growth, biochemical and physiological traits.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“SiO 2 -NPs could improve growth, biochemical and physiological traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon dioxide nanoparticles increased gerbera stem thickness.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“It increased stem thickness but slightly affected stem length”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon dioxide nanoparticles slightly affected gerbera stem length.
- Outcome
- stem lengthe0
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“It increased stem thickness but slightly affected stem length”
Claim · model-written summary
Gerbera flower diameter was unaffected by salinity through 10 mM NaCl.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Flower diameter was not affected by salinity rates up to 10 mM of NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Gerbera plants at 30 mM NaCl differed significantly from controls in flower diameter.
Not reportedTaxonOutcomeDirection
Verbatim
e0“a significant difference was observed between controls and plants treated with 30 mM of NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased gerbera electrolyte leakage by 32.5%.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Salinity increased the electrolyte leakage (32.5%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased gerbera malondialdehyde by 83.8%.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Salinity increased the electrolyte leakage (32.5%), malondialdehyde (83.8%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased gerbera hydrogen peroxide by 113.5%.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Salinity increased the electrolyte leakage (32.5%), malondialdehyde (83.8%), hydrogen peroxide (113.5%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased gerbera ascorbate peroxidase activity 3.4-fold.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“ascorbate peroxidase (3.4-fold)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased gerbera guaiacol peroxidase activity 6-fold.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“guaiacol peroxidase (6-fold)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon dioxide nanoparticles further activated gerbera antioxidant enzymes except superoxide dismutase.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“SiO 2 -NPs activated them more, except for superoxide dismutase”
Claim · model-written summary
At 30 mM salinity, SiO 2 -NPs increased gerbera Ca 2+ uptake by 25.3%.
- Treatment
- SiO 2 -NPse0
- Outcome
- uptake of Ca 2+e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 25.3%e0
- Qualifier
- salinity (30 mM)e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Under salinity (30 mM), the increase in SiO 2 -NPs (especially at 25 mg · L −1 ) led to the increase in the uptake of Ca 2+ (25.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 30 mM salinity, SiO 2 -NPs increased gerbera K + uptake by 27.1%.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“K + (27.1%)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 30 mM salinity, SiO 2 -NPs decreased gerbera Na + absorption by 6.3%.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“decreased absorption of Na + (6.3%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors inferred a gerbera salinity sensitivity threshold of 10 mM.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the sensitivity threshold of gerbera to the salinity was 10 mM”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that SiO 2 -NPs were effective in non-saline conditions.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“the use of SiO 2 -NPs is also effective in non-saline conditions”
The same questions in other papers
silicon dioxide · growth · GerberaResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
salinity · nutrient: content · GerberaResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
salinity · growth · GerberaResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
salinity · physiology: oxidative · GerberaResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.