Abstract
Spring freeze events pose a threat to vineyard productivity worldwide. We compared two methods to delay grapevine budbreak for freeze avoidance and evaluated their effects on phenology, yield components, fruit composition, and postharvest parameters, including wine chemistry, carbohydrate storage, and bud freeze tolerance. The two methods to delay budbreak were a vegetable oil-based adjuvant (Amigo) applied to dormant buds at 8% and 10% (v/v) and late pruning applied when apical buds reached approximately Eichhorn-Lorenz stage 7. Treatments were applied in 2018 and 2019 on two Vitis vinifera cultivars, Lemberger and Riesling, and compared to a control treatment with no delayed budbreak strategy. Amigo and late pruning delayed budbreak compared to control vines in both years and cultivars. The delay in budbreak varied from three to six days for Amigo 8%, five to eight days for Amigo 10%, and 10 to 11 days later for late pruning. In 2019, there was a freezing event near budbreak. Compared to control vines, late-pruned Lemberger vines had less shoot damage when measured during the growing season and greater yield at harvest. Delayed budbreak treatments did not influence wine chemistry either year or consistently affect carbohydrate storage or bud freeze tolerance in the following dormant season. However, in Riesling, late pruning reduced cluster and berry weight by up to 34 and 22%, respectively, compared to control vines. Furthermore, Amigo 10% may decrease bud survival when applied to Riesling vines. In general, late pruning delayed budbreak more effectively and mitigated freeze damage better than Amigo application without negatively affecting vine health or wine composition; however, the cultivar-dependent effect of late pruning on cluster weight is a consideration prior to adoption.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Amigo at 8% delayed budbreak by three to six days compared to control Vitis vinifera vines.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera
Vitis viniferae0 - Treatment
- Amigo 8%e2
- Outcome
- budbreake1
- Direction
- delayede1
- Value
- three to six dayse2
- Comparator
- control vinese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera cultivars, Lemberger and Riesling”
e1“Amigo and late pruning delayed budbreak compared to control vines in both years and cultivars”
e2“three to six days for Amigo 8%”
Claim · model-written summary
Amigo at 10% delayed budbreak by five to eight days compared to control Vitis vinifera vines.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- Amigo 10%e2
- Outcome
- budbreake1
- Direction
- delayede1
- Value
- five to eight dayse2
- Comparator
- control vinese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera cultivars, Lemberger and Riesling”
e1“Amigo and late pruning delayed budbreak compared to control vines in both years and cultivars”
e2“five to eight days for Amigo 10%”
Claim · model-written summary
Late pruning delayed budbreak by 10 to 11 days compared to control Vitis vinifera vines.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- late pruninge2
- Outcome
- budbreake1
- Direction
- delayede1
- Value
- 10 to 11 dayse2
- Comparator
- control vinese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera cultivars, Lemberger and Riesling”
e1“Amigo and late pruning delayed budbreak compared to control vines in both years and cultivars”
e2“10 to 11 days later for late pruning”
Claim · model-written summary
After the 2019 freeze event, late-pruned Lemberger vines had less shoot damage than control vines.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- Lembergere1
- Treatment
- late-prunede1
- Outcome
- shoot damagee1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Comparator
- control vinese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera cultivars, Lemberger and Riesling”
e1“Compared to control vines, late-pruned Lemberger vines had less shoot damage when measured during the growing season and greater yield at harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Late-pruned Lemberger vines had greater yield at harvest than control vines.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- Lembergere1
- Treatment
- late-prunede1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Comparator
- control vinese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera cultivars, Lemberger and Riesling”
e1“Compared to control vines, late-pruned Lemberger vines had less shoot damage when measured during the growing season and greater yield at harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed budbreak treatments did not influence wine chemistry in either year.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- Delayed budbreak treatmentse1
- Outcome
- wine chemistrye1
- Direction
- did not influencee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera cultivars, Lemberger and Riesling”
e1“Delayed budbreak treatments did not influence wine chemistry either year or consistently affect carbohydrate storage or bud freeze tolerance in the following dormant season”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed budbreak treatments did not consistently affect carbohydrate storage or bud freeze tolerance in the following dormant season.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- Delayed budbreak treatmentse1
- Outcome
- carbohydrate storage or bud freeze tolerancee1
- Direction
- did not influencee1
- Qualifier
- in the following dormant seasone1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera cultivars, Lemberger and Riesling”
e1“Delayed budbreak treatments did not influence wine chemistry either year or consistently affect carbohydrate storage or bud freeze tolerance in the following dormant season”
Claim · model-written summary
In Riesling, late pruning reduced cluster weight by up to 34% compared to control vines.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- Rieslinge1
- Treatment
- late pruninge1
- Outcome
- clustere1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 34e1
- Comparator
- control vinese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera cultivars, Lemberger and Riesling”
e1“in Riesling, late pruning reduced cluster and berry weight by up to 34 and 22%, respectively, compared to control vines”
Claim · model-written summary
In Riesling, late pruning reduced berry weight by up to 22% compared to control vines.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- Rieslinge1
- Treatment
- late pruninge1
- Outcome
- berry weighte1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 22%e1
- Comparator
- control vinese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera cultivars, Lemberger and Riesling”
e1“in Riesling, late pruning reduced cluster and berry weight by up to 34 and 22%, respectively, compared to control vines”
Claim · model-written summary
Amigo at 10% may decrease bud survival when applied to Riesling vines.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- Rieslinge1
- Treatment
- Amigo 10%e1
- Outcome
- bud survivale1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera cultivars, Lemberger and Riesling”
e1“Amigo 10% may decrease bud survival when applied to Riesling vines”
Claim · model-written summary
Late pruning delayed budbreak more effectively than Amigo application.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- late pruninge1
- Outcome
- budbreake1
- Direction
- more effectivelye1
- Comparator
- Amigo applicatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera cultivars, Lemberger and Riesling”
e1“late pruning delayed budbreak more effectively and mitigated freeze damage better than Amigo application”
Claim · model-written summary
Late pruning mitigated freeze damage better than Amigo application.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- late pruninge1
- Outcome
- freeze damagee1
- Direction
- bettere1
- Comparator
- Amigo applicatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera cultivars, Lemberger and Riesling”
e1“late pruning delayed budbreak more effectively and mitigated freeze damage better than Amigo application”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advise that the cultivar-dependent effect of late pruning on cluster weight should be considered before adoption.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Outcome
- cultivar-dependent effect of late pruning on cluster weighte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Vitis vinifera cultivars, Lemberger and Riesling”
e1“the cultivar-dependent effect of late pruning on cluster weight is a consideration prior to adoption”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.