Abstract
Sustainable cotton production is under threat due to poor soil health, exhaustive nature of cotton crop in terms of depleting soil fertility and conventional farming practices. Hence, we investigated the role of soil amendments like biochar, poultry and farmyard manures with synthetic fertilizers to improve the soil mineral nutrients uptake, cotton productivity and overall reduction in nutrients losses. Two year field experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of soil amendment of biochar, poultry and farmyard manures with synthetic fertilizers in improving the soil fertility and cotton productivity under arid climate of South-Punjab, Pakistan in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Experimental findings showed that highest values of soil available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and soil organic matter (SOM) were recorded with the soil incorporation of 5 Mg ha−1 poultry manure (PM) with 80:45:30 kg ha−1 NPK which was followed by soil incorporation of 10 Mg ha−1 farmyard manure (FYM) with 80:45:30 kg ha−1 NPK and soil incorporation of 3.5 Mg ha−1 biochar (BC) with 80:45:30 kg ha−1 NPK and ultimately improved soil fertility. Similarly, highest values of plant height, leaf area index (LAI), monopodial, sympodial branches and total bolls plant−1, boll weight, seed cotton and biological yield were recorded with amendment of 5 PM Mg ha−1 with 80:45:30 kg NPK ha−1 which was followed by 10 Mg FYM ha−1 with 80:45:30 kg NPK ha−1 and soil incorporation of 3.5 Mg BC ha−1 with 80:45:30 kg NPK ha−1 and ultimately improved cotton productivity. Conclusively, soil incorporation of biochar, poultry and farmyard manures with synthetic fertilizers as integrated nutrient management strategy might be a promising adaptation strategy for improving soil mineral nutrients uptake, cotton productivity and overall reduce the nutrients losses under arid environmental conditions
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure plus NPK gave the highest soil available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- 5 Mg ha−1 poultry manure (PM) with 80:45:30 kg ha−1 NPKe0
- Outcome
- soil available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and soil organic matter (SOM)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest values of soil available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and soil organic matter (SOM) were recorded with the soil incorporation of 5 Mg ha−1 poultry manure (PM) with 80:45:30 kg ha−1 NPK”
t0“Cotton Productivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmyard manure plus NPK ranked second for soil nutrient and organic matter values.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 10 Mg ha−1 farmyard manure (FYM) with 80:45:30 kg ha−1 NPKe0
- Outcome
- followed bye0
- Direction
- followed bye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which was followed by soil incorporation of 10 Mg ha−1 farmyard manure (FYM) with 80:45:30 kg ha−1 NPK”
t0“Cotton Productivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar plus NPK ranked after farmyard manure for soil nutrient and organic matter values.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 3.5 Mg ha−1 biochar (BC) with 80:45:30 kg ha−1 NPKe0
- Outcome
- improved soil fertilitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil incorporation of 3.5 Mg ha−1 biochar (BC) with 80:45:30 kg ha−1 NPK and ultimately improved soil fertility”
t0“Cotton Productivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure plus NPK gave the highest cotton plant height, leaf area and branch and boll numbers.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- plant height, leaf area index (LAI), monopodial, sympodial branches and total bolls plant−1e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest values of plant height, leaf area index (LAI), monopodial, sympodial branches and total bolls plant−1”
t0“Cotton Productivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure plus NPK gave the highest boll weight and seed cotton and biological yields.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 5 PM Mg ha−1 with 80:45:30 kg NPK ha−1e0
- Outcome
- boll weight, seed cotton and biological yielde0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“boll weight, seed cotton and biological yield were recorded with amendment of 5 PM Mg ha−1 with 80:45:30 kg NPK ha−1”
t0“Cotton Productivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmyard manure plus NPK followed poultry manure for cotton productivity.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 10 Mg FYM ha−1 with 80:45:30 kg NPK ha−1e0
- Outcome
- followed bye0
- Direction
- followed bye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which was followed by 10 Mg FYM ha−1 with 80:45:30 kg NPK ha−1”
t0“Cotton Productivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar plus NPK followed farmyard manure for cotton productivity.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 3.5 Mg BC ha−1 with 80:45:30 kg NPK ha−1e0
- Outcome
- improved cotton productivitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil incorporation of 3.5 Mg BC ha−1 with 80:45:30 kg NPK ha−1 and ultimately improved cotton productivity”
t0“Cotton Productivity”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose integrated organic amendments plus synthetic fertilizer to improve productivity and nutrient uptake and reduce losses in arid conditions.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- promising adaptation strategye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil incorporation of biochar, poultry and farmyard manures with synthetic fertilizers as integrated nutrient management strategy might be a promising adaptation strategy for improving soil mineral nutrients uptake, cotton productivity and overall reduce the nutrients losses under arid environmental conditions”
t0“Cotton Productivity”
The same questions in other papers
magnesium atom · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →biochar · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results differ
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →fertilization · soil: chemistry · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
29 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
31 papers more in this group
See all 35 papers →fertilization · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
496 papers in the same direction as this paper · 47 in the opposite direction · 6 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- no effect
546 papers more in this group
See all 550 papers →biochar · soil: chemistry · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.