Abstract
Blackheart, also known as endogenous brown spot or internal browning, is a physiological disorder induced by chilling or gibberellic acid (GA_3). It is enzymatic in nature. Factors causing browning, including polyphenol oxidase (PPO, EC 1.10.3.1) activity, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3. 1.5) activity, phenolic compounds, and ethylene production, were assayed in order to identify the biochemical pathways related to the development of blackheart symptoms.The occurrence of blackheart in pineapple fruit is mainly due to the oxidation of phenolic compounds catalyzed by PPO to form brown products. Low temperature or GA_3 markedly increases PPO activity and the content of its substrates such as catechol, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid and thus accelerates the development of blackheart.The enhancement of PAL activity and the dramatic increase in ethylene production induced by low temperature or GA_3 were also involved in blackheart development.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Pineapple fruit blackheart is attributed mainly to PPO catalyzed oxidation of phenolic compounds.
- Taxon
- pineapple
Ananas comosuse0 - Gene
- PPOe0
- Compound
- phenolic compoundse0
- Outcome
- blackhearte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The occurrence of blackheart in pineapple fruit is mainly due to the oxidation of phenolic compounds catalyzed by PPO to form brown products”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature markedly increases PPO activity in pineapple fruit.
- Taxon
- PineappleAnanas comosust0
- Treatment
- Low temperaturee0
- Gene
- PPOe0
- Outcome
- PPO activitye0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low temperature or GA_3 markedly increases PPO activity”
t0“Pineapple Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
GA_3 markedly increases PPO activity in pineapple fruit.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low temperature or GA_3 markedly increases PPO activity”
t0“Pineapple Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature increases the content of catechol, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid in pineapple fruit.
- Taxon
- PineappleAnanas comosust0
- Treatment
- Low temperaturee0
- Outcome
- content of its substrates such as catechol, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acide0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low temperature or GA_3 markedly increases PPO activity and the content of its substrates such as catechol, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid”
t0“Pineapple Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
GA_3 increases the content of catechol, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid in pineapple fruit.
- Taxon
- PineappleAnanas comosust0
- Treatment
- GA_3e0
- Outcome
- content of its substrates such as catechol, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acide0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low temperature or GA_3 markedly increases PPO activity and the content of its substrates such as catechol, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid”
t0“Pineapple Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature accelerates blackheart development in pineapple fruit.
- Taxon
- PineappleAnanas comosust0
- Treatment
- Low temperaturee0
- Outcome
- development of blackhearte0
- Direction
- acceleratese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low temperature or GA_3 markedly increases PPO activity and the content of its substrates such as catechol, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid and thus accelerates the development of blackheart”
t0“Pineapple Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
GA_3 accelerates blackheart development in pineapple fruit.
- Taxon
- PineappleAnanas comosust0
- Treatment
- GA_3e0
- Outcome
- development of blackhearte0
- Direction
- acceleratese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA_3 markedly increases PPO activity and the content of its substrates such as catechol, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid and thus accelerates the development of blackheart”
t0“Pineapple Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature enhances PAL activity in pineapple fruit.
- Taxon
- PineappleAnanas comosust0
- Treatment
- low temperaturee0
- Gene
- PALe0
- Outcome
- PAL activitye0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The enhancement of PAL activity and the dramatic increase in ethylene production induced by low temperature or GA_3”
t0“Pineapple Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
GA_3 enhances PAL activity in pineapple fruit.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The enhancement of PAL activity and the dramatic increase in ethylene production induced by low temperature or GA_3”
t0“Pineapple Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature dramatically increases ethylene production in pineapple fruit.
- Taxon
- PineappleAnanas comosust0
- Treatment
- low temperaturee0
- Outcome
- ethylene productione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the dramatic increase in ethylene production induced by low temperature or GA_3”
t0“Pineapple Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
GA_3 dramatically increases ethylene production in pineapple fruit.
- Taxon
- PineappleAnanas comosust0
- Treatment
- GA_3e0
- Outcome
- ethylene productione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the dramatic increase in ethylene production induced by low temperature or GA_3”
t0“Pineapple Fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced PAL activity and ethylene production are implicated in blackheart development.
- Taxon
- PineappleAnanas comosust0
- Gene
- PALe0
- Compound
- ethylenee0
- Outcome
- blackheart developmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The enhancement of PAL activity and the dramatic increase in ethylene production induced by low temperature or GA_3 were also involved in blackheart development”
t0“Pineapple Fruit”
The same questions in other papers
cold · growth · Ananas comosus (pineapple)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
cold · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Ananas comosus (pineapple)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
cold · molecular: metabolites · Ananas comosus (pineapple)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
cold · physiology: hormones · Ananas comosus (pineapple)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.