Abstract
Conservation tillage may improve yield of cotton in addition to improvement in soil quality if practiced for longer period. However, the practice may not be productive in short-term particularly when severe weeds are infesting the crops such as Cynodon dactylon, Conyza canadensis, Tribulus terrestris, and Cyperus rotundus, etc. Recent studies indicate that conventional tillage （CT） is more productive than zero tillage （ZT）/reduced tillage （RT）. Performance of cotton under three tillage systems, viz., ZT, RT and CT; and five herbicides, i.e., haloxyfop-R-methyl 10.8 EC (108 g a.i. ha-1), lactofen 24 EC (168 g a.i. ha-1), haloxyfop 10.8 EC + lactofen 24 EC, hand weeding, and weedy check were evaluated during 2010-2011 at Gomal University, D.I.Khan, Pakistan, to explore the best management option for effective weed control, enhanced yield and quality of cotton grown after wheat. The results revealed that hand weeding and Haloxyfop as post emergence alone or in combination with Lactofen reduced weed density to the minimum irrespective of the tillage systems. Excessive rainfall and cooler temperature limited cotton growth and yield in 2010. The adverse weather conditions had more adverse effect on boll weight under ZT and RT than CT. Haloxyfop + lactofen produced higher seed cotton yield in RT than ZT, however, it could not exceed CT. Broad-spectrum herbicides×CT produced the highest number of bolls/plant, boll weight and seed cotton yield. Fiber quality and net returns were also the highest in broad-spectrum herbicides×CT. In conclusion, broad-spectrum herbicides under CT were more productive in wheat based cropping system on silty clay soil of D.I.Khan.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Hand weeding and haloxyfop alone or with lactofen reduced weed density to the minimum irrespective of tillage systems.
- Taxon
- Cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- hand weeding and Haloxyfop as post emergencee0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- to the minimum irrespective of the tillage systemse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Density, Yield and Quality of Cotton”
e0“hand weeding and Haloxyfop as post emergence alone or in combination with Lactofen reduced weed density to the minimum irrespective of the tillage systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Broad-spectrum herbicides under conventional tillage produced the highest number of bolls per plant, boll weight and seed cotton yield.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume4
- Treatment
- Broad-spectrum herbicides×CTe4
- Outcome
- number of bolls/plant, boll weight and seed cotton yielde4
- Direction
- higheste4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Broad-spectrum herbicides×CT produced the highest number of bolls/plant, boll weight and seed cotton yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Fiber quality and net returns were highest under broad-spectrum herbicides with conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- broad-spectrum herbicides×CTe5
- Outcome
- Fiber quality and net returnse5
- Direction
- higheste5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Density, Yield and Quality of Cotton”
e5“Fiber quality and net returns were also the highest in broad-spectrum herbicides×CT”
Claim · model-written summary
Haloxyfop plus lactofen produced higher seed cotton yield under reduced tillage than under zero tillage.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume3
- Treatment
- Haloxyfop + lactofene3
- Outcome
- seed cotton yielde3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- ZTe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Density, Yield and Quality of Cotton”
e3“Haloxyfop + lactofen produced higher seed cotton yield in RT than ZT, however, it could not exceed CT”
Claim · model-written summary
Haloxyfop plus lactofen could not exceed the seed cotton yield under conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume3
- Treatment
- Haloxyfop + lactofene3
- Outcome
- seed cotton yielde3
- Direction
- could not exceede3
- Comparator
- CTe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Haloxyfop + lactofen produced higher seed cotton yield in RT than ZT, however, it could not exceed CT”
Claim · model-written summary
Adverse weather conditions had more adverse effect on boll weight under zero and reduced tillage than under conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- adverse weather conditionse2
- Outcome
- boll weighte2
- Direction
- more adverse effecte2
- Comparator
- CTe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Weed Density, Yield and Quality of Cotton”
e2“The adverse weather conditions had more adverse effect on boll weight under ZT and RT than CT”
Claim · model-written summary
Excessive rainfall and cooler temperature limited cotton growth and yield in 2010.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- Excessive rainfall and cooler temperaturee1
- Outcome
- growth and yielde1
- Direction
- limitede1
- Setting
- in 2010e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Excessive rainfall and cooler temperature limited cotton growth and yield in 2010”
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See all 159 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.