Abstract
A study was carried out on the effect of the root endophytic fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia on plant systemic signal of defense related genes during fungal or nematode parasitism. Different biotic stress factors were examined, inoculating roots of dicot and monocot hosts with the endophyte, and measuring the expression of defense genes in leaves. A first greenhouse assay was carried out on expression of PAL, PIN II, PR1 and LOX D in leaves of tomato cv Tondino inoculated with Phytophthora infestans (CBS 120920), inoculating or not the roots of infected plants with P. chlamydosporia DSM 26985. In a second assay, plants of banana (Musa acuminata cv Grand Naine) were artificially infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical race 4 (TR4) and inoculated or not with DSM 26985. In a further experiment, banana plants were inoculated or not with P. chlamydosporia plus juveniles of the root knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita. A similar assay was also carried out in vitro with adults and juveniles of the lesion nematode Pratylenchus goodeyi. Differential expression of the defense genes examined was observed for all plant-stress associations, indicative of early, upward systemic signals induced by the endophyte. Changes in expression profiles included a 5-fold down-regulation of PIN II at 2 dai in leaves of tomato plants treated with P. infestans and/or P. chlamydosporia, and the up-regulation of PAL by the endophyte alone, at 2 and 7 dai. In the TR4 assay, PR1 was significantly up-regulated at 7 dai in banana leaves, but only in the P. chlamydosporia treated plants. At 10 dai, PIN II expression was significantly higher in leaves of plants inoculated only with TR4. The banana-RKN assay showed a PR1 expression significantly higher than controls at 4 and 7 dai in plants inoculated with P. chlamydosporia alone, and a down-regulation at 4 dai in leaves of plants also inoculated with RKN, with a PR1 differential up-regulation at 10 dai. Pratylenchus goodeyi down-regulated PIN at 21 dai, with or without the endophyte, as well as PAL but only in presence of P. chlamydosporia. When inoculated alone, the endophyte up-regulated PR1 and LOX. The gene expression patterns observed in leaves suggest specific and time-dependent relationships linking host plants and P. chlamydosporia in presence of biotic stress factors, functional to a systemic, although complex, activation of defense genes.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Defense gene expression differed across all plant–stress associations.
Verbatim
e0“Differential expression of the defense genes examined was observed for all plant-stress associations”
t0“Monocot and Dicot Hosts”
Claim · model-written summary
PIN II was downregulated fivefold at 2 dai in tomato leaves treated with P. infestans and/or P. chlamydosporia.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Treatment
- P. infestans and/or P. chlamydosporiae0
- Interactor
- P. infestans
Phytophthora infestanse0pathogen - Second interactor
- P. chlamydosporiaPochonia chlamydosporiae0symbiont
- Gene
- PIN IIe0
- Outcome
- PIN IIe0
- Direction
- down-regulatione0
- Value
- 5-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a 5-fold down-regulation of PIN II at 2 dai in leaves of tomato plants treated with P. infestans and/or P. chlamydosporia”
e1“leaves of tomato cv Tondino”
Claim · model-written summary
The endophyte alone upregulated PAL at 2 and 7 dai in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- the endophyte alonee0
- Gene
- PALe0
- Outcome
- PALe0
- Direction
- up-regulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the up-regulation of PAL by the endophyte alone, at 2 and 7 dai”
e1“leaves of tomato cv Tondino”
Claim · model-written summary
PR1 was significantly upregulated at 7 dai in P. chlamydosporia treated banana leaves.
- Taxon
- bananae1
- Treatment
- P. chlamydosporiae0
- Interactor
- P. chlamydosporiaPochonia chlamydosporiae0symbiont
- Gene
- PR1e0
- Outcome
- PR1e0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“PR1 was significantly up-regulated at 7 dai in banana leaves, but only in the P. chlamydosporia treated plants”
e1“banana (Musa acuminata cv Grand Naine)”
Claim · model-written summary
PIN II expression was significantly higher at 10 dai in banana inoculated only with TR4.
- Taxon
- bananae1
- Treatment
- TR4e0
- Interactor
- TR4e0pathogen
- Gene
- PIN IIe0
- Outcome
- PIN II expressione0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“At 10 dai, PIN II expression was significantly higher in leaves of plants inoculated only with TR4”
e1“banana (Musa acuminata cv Grand Naine)”
Claim · model-written summary
PR1 expression was higher than controls at 4 and 7 dai in banana inoculated with endophyte alone.
Verbatim
e0“PR1 expression significantly higher than controls at 4 and 7 dai in plants inoculated with P. chlamydosporia alone”
e1“banana (Musa acuminata cv Grand Naine)”
Claim · model-written summary
PR1 was downregulated at 4 dai when banana was also inoculated with RKN.
- Taxon
- bananae1
- Treatment
- RKNe0
- Interactor
- RKNe0pathogen
- Outcome
- down-regulatione0
- Direction
- down-regulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“a down-regulation at 4 dai in leaves of plants also inoculated with RKN”
e1“banana (Musa acuminata cv Grand Naine)”
Claim · model-written summary
PR1 was differentially upregulated at 10 dai in the banana–RKN assay.
Verbatim
e0“with a PR1 differential up-regulation at 10 dai”
e1“banana (Musa acuminata cv Grand Naine)”
Claim · model-written summary
P. goodeyi downregulated PIN at 21 dai with or without endophyte.
- Taxon
- bananae1
- Treatment
- Pratylenchus goodeyie0
- Interactor
- Pratylenchus goodeyiPratylenchus goodeyie0pathogen
- Gene
- PINe0
- Outcome
- PINe0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Pratylenchus goodeyi down-regulated PIN at 21 dai, with or without the endophyte”
e1“banana (Musa acuminata cv Grand Naine)”
Claim · model-written summary
P. goodeyi downregulated PAL only with P. chlamydosporia.
- Taxon
- bananae1
- Treatment
- Pratylenchus goodeyie0
- Interactor
- Pratylenchus goodeyiPratylenchus goodeyie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. chlamydosporiaPochonia chlamydosporiae0symbiont
- Gene
- PALe0
- Outcome
- PALe0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Pratylenchus goodeyi down-regulated PIN at 21 dai, with or without the endophyte, as well as PAL but only in presence of P. chlamydosporia”
e1“banana (Musa acuminata cv Grand Naine)”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophyte alone upregulated PR1 and LOX.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“When inoculated alone, the endophyte up-regulated PR1 and LOX”
e1“banana (Musa acuminata cv Grand Naine)”
The same questions in other papers
infection · Phytophthora infestans · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- positive
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.