Abstract
Much of the pathogenic success of Phytophthora infestans, the potato and tomato late blight agent, relies on its ability to generate from mycelia large amounts of sporangia, which release zoospores that encyst and form infection structures. To better understand these stages, Affymetrix GeneChips based on 15,650 unigenes were designed and used to profile the life cycle. Approximately half of P. infestans genes were found to exhibit significant differential expression between developmental transitions, with approximately (1)/(10) being stage-specific and most changes occurring during zoosporogenesis. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays confirmed the robustness of the array results and showed that similar patterns of differential expression were obtained regardless of whether hyphae were from laboratory media or infected tomato. Differentially expressed genes encode potential cellular regulators, especially protein kinases; metabolic enzymes such as those involved in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, or the biosynthesis of amino acids or lipids; regulators of DNA synthesis; structural proteins, including predicted flagellar proteins; and pathogenicity factors, including cell-wall-degrading enzymes, RXLR effector proteins, and enzymes protecting against plant defense responses. Curiously, some stage-specific transcripts do not appear to encode functional proteins. These findings reveal many new aspects of oomycete biology, as well as potential targets for crop protection chemicals.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
About half of P. infestans genes are differentially expressed between developmental transitions.
- Taxon
- potato and tomato
Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum tuberosume0 - Organ / stage
- developmental transitionse1
- Interactor
- P. infestans
Phytophthora infestanse1pathogene0 - Outcome
- differential expressione1
- Value
- Approximately halfe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Much of the pathogenic success of Phytophthora infestans, the potato and tomato late blight agent”
e1“Approximately half of P. infestans genes were found to exhibit significant differential expression between developmental transitions”
Claim · model-written summary
About one-tenth of P. infestans genes are stage-specific.
- Taxon
- potato and tomatoSolanum lycopersicumSolanum tuberosume0
- Interactor
- P. infestansPhytophthora infestanse1pathogene0
- Outcome
- stage-specifice1
- Value
- approximately (1)/(10)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Much of the pathogenic success of Phytophthora infestans, the potato and tomato late blight agent”
e1“Approximately half of P. infestans genes were found to exhibit significant differential expression between developmental transitions, with approximately (1)/(10) being stage-specific”
Claim · model-written summary
Most P. infestans expression changes occur during zoosporogenesis.
- Taxon
- potato and tomatoSolanum lycopersicumSolanum tuberosume0
- Organ / stage
- zoosporogenesise1
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- changes occurring during zoosporogenesise1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Much of the pathogenic success of Phytophthora infestans, the potato and tomato late blight agent”
e1“most changes occurring during zoosporogenesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the robustness of the microarray results.
Verbatim
e2“Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays confirmed the robustness of the array results”
Claim · model-written summary
Similar patterns of P. infestans differential expression were obtained for hyphae from laboratory media and from infected tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume3
- Treatment
- infected tomatoe3
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Outcome
- similar patterns of differential expressione3
- Direction
- similare3
- Comparator
- laboratory mediae3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Much of the pathogenic success of Phytophthora infestans, the potato and tomato late blight agent”
e3“similar patterns of differential expression were obtained regardless of whether hyphae were from laboratory media or infected tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Differentially expressed P. infestans genes encode potential cellular regulators, especially protein kinases.
- Taxon
- potato and tomatoSolanum lycopersicumSolanum tuberosume0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Gene
- protein kinasese4
- Outcome
- encode potential cellular regulatorse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Much of the pathogenic success of Phytophthora infestans, the potato and tomato late blight agent”
e4“Differentially expressed genes encode potential cellular regulators, especially protein kinases”
Claim · model-written summary
Differentially expressed P. infestans genes include pathogenicity factors such as RXLR effector proteins.
- Taxon
- potato and tomatoSolanum lycopersicumSolanum tuberosume0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora infestansPhytophthora infestanse0pathogen
- Gene
- RXLR effector proteinse5
- Outcome
- pathogenicity factorse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Much of the pathogenic success of Phytophthora infestans, the potato and tomato late blight agent”
e5“pathogenicity factors, including cell-wall-degrading enzymes, RXLR effector proteins, and enzymes protecting against plant defense responses”
Claim · model-written summary
Some stage-specific P. infestans transcripts do not appear to encode functional proteins.
- Taxon
- potato and tomatoSolanum lycopersicumSolanum tuberosume0
- Outcome
- stage-specific transcriptse6
- Qualifier
- do not appear to encode functional proteinse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Much of the pathogenic success of Phytophthora infestans, the potato and tomato late blight agent”
e6“Curiously, some stage-specific transcripts do not appear to encode functional proteins”
The same questions in other papers
infection · Phytophthora infestans · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.