Abstract
Characterizing spectral effects of blue and red light ratios on plants could help expand our understanding of factors that regulate growth and development, which is becoming increasingly important as narrowband light-emitting diodes become common for sole-source lighting. Herein we report growth, physiological, and anatomical responses of two lettuce cultivars grown indoors under various blue and red ratios including monochromatic treatments. When used in combination with red, increasing the proportion of blue light generally reduced growth but increased chloroplast abundance and single-leaf photosynthetic efficiency. However, when used as single wavebands, both blue and red light increased leaf area and epidermal cell area, but reduced root dry mass, SPAD index, stomatal density, and leaf thickness compared to dichromatic light. In addition, chloroplast abundance and single-leaf physiological responses were higher in plants grown under monochromatic blue compared to red light, but the opposite trend was measured for shoot biomass. Our results show that spectral effects on morpho-anatomical leaf responses can largely influence plant growth and single-leaf physiological responses. However, a significant blue light reduction in radiation capture ultimately limits growth and productivity of lettuce plants when dichromatic blue and red light is used.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing blue proportion with red generally reduced lettuce growth.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativat0 - Treatment
- increasing the proportion of blue lighte0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When used in combination with red, increasing the proportion of blue light generally reduced growth”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing blue proportion with red increased chloroplast abundance and single-leaf photosynthetic efficiency.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- increasing the proportion of blue lighte0
- Outcome
- chloroplast abundance and single-leaf photosynthetic efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When used in combination with red, increasing the proportion of blue light generally reduced growth but increased chloroplast abundance and single-leaf photosynthetic efficiency.”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Monochromatic blue and red each increased leaf area and epidermal cell area versus dichromatic light.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- blue and red lighte0
- Outcome
- leaf area and epidermal cell areae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- dichromatic lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both blue and red light increased leaf area and epidermal cell area, but reduced root dry mass, SPAD index, stomatal density, and leaf thickness compared to dichromatic light.”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Monochromatic blue and red each reduced root dry mass, SPAD index and stomatal density versus dichromatic light.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- blue and red lighte0
- Outcome
- root dry mass, SPAD index, stomatal densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- dichromatic lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both blue and red light increased leaf area and epidermal cell area, but reduced root dry mass, SPAD index, stomatal density, and leaf thickness compared to dichromatic light.”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Monochromatic blue and red each reduced leaf thickness versus dichromatic light.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- blue and red lighte0
- Outcome
- leaf thicknesse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- dichromatic lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both blue and red light increased leaf area and epidermal cell area, but reduced root dry mass, SPAD index, stomatal density, and leaf thickness compared to dichromatic light.”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Monochromatic blue produced higher chloroplast abundance and single-leaf physiological responses than red.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- monochromatic bluee0
- Outcome
- chloroplast abundance and single-leaf physiological responsese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- red lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chloroplast abundance and single-leaf physiological responses were higher in plants grown under monochromatic blue compared to red light”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot biomass was higher under monochromatic red than blue.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- red lighte1
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse0
- Comparator
- monochromatic bluee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the opposite trend was measured for shoot biomass”
e1“monochromatic blue compared to red light”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude reduced radiation capture under blue light limits lettuce growth and productivity in dichromatic lighting.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Outcome
- growth and productivitye0
- Qualifier
- blue light reduction in radiation capturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant blue light reduction in radiation capture ultimately limits growth and productivity of lettuce plants when dichromatic blue and red light is used.”
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