Abstract
The present study was aimed to find out the changes in plant responses to salinity with GA3 treatments. With this aim, combinations effects of salinity (350 mM NaCl) and three different doses of gibberellic acid (100, 300 and 500 ppm) on physiological and biochemical analysis of maize (Zea mays L.) roots were studied in soil experiment. The obtained results showed that treatment of GA3 (300-500 ppm) caused a reduction in salt-induced damage, improvement in biomass yield, regulation in water status, increasing proline level, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity, induction of SOD (36.6% at 500 ppm), CAT (28.5% at 500 ppm), APX (3.18 and 3.26 fold at 100 ppm and 500 ppm), GST (2.83 and 2.59 at 100 ppm and 500 ppm) enzyme activities, while POX activity was decreased only at GA3 (31.3% at 500 ppm), and thus alleviation of the oxidative damage. The results indicated that the salt application had a negative effect on the macro and micronutrient concentrations in roots. Otherwise, N, Ca and P concentration was increased by gibberellic acid under salinity, while, K, Cu, Mn, Fe and Zn were reduced compared to salt treatment alone. To sum up, these results showed that GA3 could be used as a signal molecule in antioxidant enzyme regulation related with ions for increasing salt tolerance in maize under salinity.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 reduced salt injury.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The obtained results showed that treatment of GA3 (300-500 ppm) caused a reduction in salt-induced damage, improvement in biomass yield, regulation in water status, increasing proline level, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity, induction of SOD (36.6% at 500 ppm), CAT (28.5% at 500 ppm), APX (3.18 and 3.26 fold at 100 ppm and 500 ppm), GST (2.83 and 2.59 at 100 ppm and 500 ppm) enzyme activities, while POX activity was decreased only at GA3 (31.3% at 500 ppm), and thus alleviation of the oxidative damage.”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.) roots”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 improved biomass yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The obtained results showed that treatment of GA3 (300-500 ppm) caused a reduction in salt-induced damage, improvement in biomass yield, regulation in water status, increasing proline level, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity, induction of SOD (36.6% at 500 ppm), CAT (28.5% at 500 ppm), APX (3.18 and 3.26 fold at 100 ppm and 500 ppm), GST (2.83 and 2.59 at 100 ppm and 500 ppm) enzyme activities, while POX activity was decreased only at GA3 (31.3% at 500 ppm), and thus alleviation of the oxidative damage.”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.) roots”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 regulated water status.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The obtained results showed that treatment of GA3 (300-500 ppm) caused a reduction in salt-induced damage, improvement in biomass yield, regulation in water status, increasing proline level, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity, induction of SOD (36.6% at 500 ppm), CAT (28.5% at 500 ppm), APX (3.18 and 3.26 fold at 100 ppm and 500 ppm), GST (2.83 and 2.59 at 100 ppm and 500 ppm) enzyme activities, while POX activity was decreased only at GA3 (31.3% at 500 ppm), and thus alleviation of the oxidative damage.”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.) roots”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 increased proline.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The obtained results showed that treatment of GA3 (300-500 ppm) caused a reduction in salt-induced damage, improvement in biomass yield, regulation in water status, increasing proline level, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity, induction of SOD (36.6% at 500 ppm), CAT (28.5% at 500 ppm), APX (3.18 and 3.26 fold at 100 ppm and 500 ppm), GST (2.83 and 2.59 at 100 ppm and 500 ppm) enzyme activities, while POX activity was decreased only at GA3 (31.3% at 500 ppm), and thus alleviation of the oxidative damage.”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.) roots”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 increased ROS scavenging.
- Treatment
- GA3 (300-500 ppm)e0
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacitye0
- Direction
- inductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The obtained results showed that treatment of GA3 (300-500 ppm) caused a reduction in salt-induced damage, improvement in biomass yield, regulation in water status, increasing proline level, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity, induction of SOD (36.6% at 500 ppm), CAT (28.5% at 500 ppm), APX (3.18 and 3.26 fold at 100 ppm and 500 ppm), GST (2.83 and 2.59 at 100 ppm and 500 ppm) enzyme activities, while POX activity was decreased only at GA3 (31.3% at 500 ppm), and thus alleviation of the oxidative damage.”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.) roots”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 induced SOD activity by 36.6% at 500 ppm.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The obtained results showed that treatment of GA3 (300-500 ppm) caused a reduction in salt-induced damage, improvement in biomass yield, regulation in water status, increasing proline level, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity, induction of SOD (36.6% at 500 ppm), CAT (28.5% at 500 ppm), APX (3.18 and 3.26 fold at 100 ppm and 500 ppm), GST (2.83 and 2.59 at 100 ppm and 500 ppm) enzyme activities, while POX activity was decreased only at GA3 (31.3% at 500 ppm), and thus alleviation of the oxidative damage.”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.) roots”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 induced CAT activity by 28.5% at 500 ppm.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The obtained results showed that treatment of GA3 (300-500 ppm) caused a reduction in salt-induced damage, improvement in biomass yield, regulation in water status, increasing proline level, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity, induction of SOD (36.6% at 500 ppm), CAT (28.5% at 500 ppm), APX (3.18 and 3.26 fold at 100 ppm and 500 ppm), GST (2.83 and 2.59 at 100 ppm and 500 ppm) enzyme activities, while POX activity was decreased only at GA3 (31.3% at 500 ppm), and thus alleviation of the oxidative damage.”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.) roots”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 induced APX activity 3.18-fold at 100 ppm.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The obtained results showed that treatment of GA3 (300-500 ppm) caused a reduction in salt-induced damage, improvement in biomass yield, regulation in water status, increasing proline level, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity, induction of SOD (36.6% at 500 ppm), CAT (28.5% at 500 ppm), APX (3.18 and 3.26 fold at 100 ppm and 500 ppm), GST (2.83 and 2.59 at 100 ppm and 500 ppm) enzyme activities, while POX activity was decreased only at GA3 (31.3% at 500 ppm), and thus alleviation of the oxidative damage.”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.) roots”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 induced APX activity 3.26-fold at 500 ppm.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The obtained results showed that treatment of GA3 (300-500 ppm) caused a reduction in salt-induced damage, improvement in biomass yield, regulation in water status, increasing proline level, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity, induction of SOD (36.6% at 500 ppm), CAT (28.5% at 500 ppm), APX (3.18 and 3.26 fold at 100 ppm and 500 ppm), GST (2.83 and 2.59 at 100 ppm and 500 ppm) enzyme activities, while POX activity was decreased only at GA3 (31.3% at 500 ppm), and thus alleviation of the oxidative damage.”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.) roots”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 induced GST activity at 100 ppm.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The obtained results showed that treatment of GA3 (300-500 ppm) caused a reduction in salt-induced damage, improvement in biomass yield, regulation in water status, increasing proline level, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity, induction of SOD (36.6% at 500 ppm), CAT (28.5% at 500 ppm), APX (3.18 and 3.26 fold at 100 ppm and 500 ppm), GST (2.83 and 2.59 at 100 ppm and 500 ppm) enzyme activities, while POX activity was decreased only at GA3 (31.3% at 500 ppm), and thus alleviation of the oxidative damage.”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.) roots”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 induced GST activity at 500 ppm.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The obtained results showed that treatment of GA3 (300-500 ppm) caused a reduction in salt-induced damage, improvement in biomass yield, regulation in water status, increasing proline level, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity, induction of SOD (36.6% at 500 ppm), CAT (28.5% at 500 ppm), APX (3.18 and 3.26 fold at 100 ppm and 500 ppm), GST (2.83 and 2.59 at 100 ppm and 500 ppm) enzyme activities, while POX activity was decreased only at GA3 (31.3% at 500 ppm), and thus alleviation of the oxidative damage.”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.) roots”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 reduced POX activity by 31.3% at 500 ppm.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The obtained results showed that treatment of GA3 (300-500 ppm) caused a reduction in salt-induced damage, improvement in biomass yield, regulation in water status, increasing proline level, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity, induction of SOD (36.6% at 500 ppm), CAT (28.5% at 500 ppm), APX (3.18 and 3.26 fold at 100 ppm and 500 ppm), GST (2.83 and 2.59 at 100 ppm and 500 ppm) enzyme activities, while POX activity was decreased only at GA3 (31.3% at 500 ppm), and thus alleviation of the oxidative damage.”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.) roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt application adversely affected maize root macro and micronutrient concentrations.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the salt application had a negative effect on the macro and micronutrient concentrations in roots”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.) roots”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 increased N, Ca and P concentrations under salinity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N, Ca and P concentration was increased by gibberellic acid under salinity”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.) roots”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 reduced K, Cu and Mn concentrations against salt alone.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“K, Cu, Mn, Fe and Zn were reduced compared to salt treatment alone”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.) roots”
e2“gibberellic acid under salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 reduced Fe and Zn concentrations against salt alone.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fe and Zn were reduced compared to salt treatment alone”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.) roots”
e2“gibberellic acid under salinity”
The same questions in other papers
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- no effect
- negative
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Gibberellic acid · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
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See all 5 papers →Gibberellic acid · physiology: oxidative · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
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See all 6 papers →salinity · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
50 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
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See all 54 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.