Abstract
Abstract In the face of climate change, more frequent drought events are expected in the Mediterranean regions. Alley cropping is an agroforestry practice that represents a promising adaptation strategy to sustain yield productivity under drier conditions. However, the presence of trees limits the productivity of the intercrop by reducing light availability and by competing for soil water resources, which could potentially exacerbate the yield losses due to drought conditions. Furthermore, the effects of co‐occurring drought and shade stresses on annual crops are still poorly understood. To tackle this issue, we performed a rainfall manipulation experiment on winter pea ( Pisum sativum L.) grown in full‐sun conditions (agricultural control) and under different levels of shade in a 25‐year walnut‐based alley cropping system located in southern France. We evaluated first the effect of trees on light and water availability, and we then studied the effects of early drought (135 mm excluded from April to the end of May) and light conditions on crop performances and yield components. At 3.5 m from the tree line, light availability was reduced on average by 19% at south and 35% at north of trees over the entire crop cycle and mostly after tree budburst. The impact of trees on soil water content in the crop root zone was weak thanks to the good complementarity of the respective root systems. Under normal rainfall conditions, tree shade decreased pea yield from −25% to −77% compared to full‐sun conditions. In case of spring drought, pea yield was decreased by −22% in full‐sun conditions. The negative effect of tree shade was reduced and decreased pea yield only by −1% to −47%. Under the most intense shade conditions, pea yield was even higher under drought than in normal rainfall conditions. The analysis of crop dynamics and yield components revealed that the vegetative development of pea ceased under drought to the benefit of biomass allocation towards the reproductive organs. Pea yield was less impacted by tree shade under spring drought because yield elaboration relied less on the success of pod set, sensitive to shade and, more on grain filling, improved in case of early drought event. This study supports the hypothesis that agroforestry systems may be more resilient in the case of early drought.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Trees reduced light by 19% south of the line at 3.5 m.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 3.5 m from the tree line, light availability was reduced on average by 19% at south”
t0“Interactions between drought and shade on the productivity of winter pea grown in a 25‐year‐old walnut‐based alley cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Trees reduced light by 35% north of the line at 3.5 m.
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceust0 - Outcome
- light availabilitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 35%e0
- Setting
- north of treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 3.5 m from the tree line, light availability was reduced on average by 19% at south and 35% at north of trees over the entire crop cycle”
t0“Interactions between drought and shade on the productivity of winter pea grown in a 25‐year‐old walnut‐based alley cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Trees had a weak impact on water in the crop root zone.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- soil water content in the crop root zonee0
- Direction
- weake0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The impact of trees on soil water content in the crop root zone was weak thanks to the good complementarity of the respective root systems.”
t0“Interactions between drought and shade on the productivity of winter pea grown in a 25‐year‐old walnut‐based alley cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Tree shade reduced pea yield by 25% to 77% under normal rainfall.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- tree shadee0
- Outcome
- pea yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- −25% to −77%e0
- Qualifier
- normal rainfall conditionse0
- Comparator
- full‐sun conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under normal rainfall conditions, tree shade decreased pea yield from −25% to −77% compared to full‐sun conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring drought reduced pea yield 22% in full sun.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- spring droughte0
- Outcome
- pea yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- −22%e0
- Qualifier
- full‐sun conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In case of spring drought, pea yield was decreased by −22% in full‐sun conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Under spring drought, shade reduced pea yield by 1% to 47%.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- tree shadee0
- Outcome
- pea yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- −1% to −47%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The negative effect of tree shade was reduced and decreased pea yield only by −1% to −47%.”
Claim · model-written summary
In the strongest shade, pea yield was higher under drought than normal rainfall.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- pea yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- most intense shade conditionse0
- Comparator
- normal rainfall conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the most intense shade conditions, pea yield was even higher under drought than in normal rainfall conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought ended pea vegetative development and shifted biomass to reproductive organs.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Organ / stage
- reproductive organse0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- vegetative developmente0
- Direction
- ceasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the vegetative development of pea ceased under drought to the benefit of biomass allocation towards the reproductive organs.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pea yield was less affected by shade during spring drought.
- Taxon
- PeaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- tree shadee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- less impactede0
- Qualifier
- under spring droughte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pea yield was less impacted by tree shade under spring drought because yield elaboration relied less on the success of pod set, sensitive to shade and, more on grain filling, improved in case of early drought event.”
The same questions in other papers
drought · yield · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
20 papers more in this group
See all 24 papers →shade · yield · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.