Abstract
Pod filling stage considers as a receiver (sink), which reflects plant performance during previous growth stages. In order to study, the influence of drought imposed at different growth stages, and the impact of foliar applied glycine betaine (GB) and proline on the status of osmolytes and antioxidant defense system of pea plant during pod filling stage, a field experiment was conducted in 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 on clay loam soil. Four different irrigation regimes were applied to provide drought at different growth stages: (1) vegetative stage, (2) flowering stage, as short-term drought stress, (3) throughout the stages of vegetative + flowering growth (long-term drought stress), and (4) control (without stress). Foliar applications of GB and proline at 4 mM for each, in addition to distilled water as control, were conducted. Generally, drought applications reduced the growth and yield of pea plant. Long-term drought was more effective to reduce growth and yield than drought at flowering stage. GB increased the yield and its soluble protein concentration more than proline. Proline recorded the maximum increase in non-enzymatic antioxidant defense system under drought. Application of GB or proline enhanced the activity of SOD, APX and catalase in leaves under drought, while in seeds they increased SOD activity under long-term drought stress. APX activity in seeds under drought decreased by GB application. The maximum positive effect was for GB under unstressed condition and drought at vegetative stage, by maximizing APX activity, in addition to enhancing the production and translocation of assimilates from source to sink.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced pea growth and yield.
- Taxon
- pea plant
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Treatment
- drought applicationse0
- Outcome
- growth and yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Generally, drought applications reduced the growth and yield of pea plant.”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term drought reduced pea growth and yield more than flowering-stage drought.
- Taxon
- pea plantLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Long-term droughte0
- Outcome
- growth and yielde0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Comparator
- drought at flowering stagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Long-term drought was more effective to reduce growth and yield than drought at flowering stage.”
t0“pea plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine increased pea yield more than proline.
- Taxon
- pea plantLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- GBe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- prolinee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GB increased the yield and its soluble protein concentration more than proline.”
t0“pea plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine increased pea soluble protein concentration more than proline.
- Taxon
- pea plantLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- GBe0
- Outcome
- soluble protein concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- prolinee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GB increased the yield and its soluble protein concentration more than proline.”
t0“pea plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline gave the maximum increase in non-enzymatic antioxidant defense under drought.
- Taxon
- pea plantLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Prolinee0
- Outcome
- non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systeme0
- Direction
- maximum increasee0
- Qualifier
- under droughte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Proline recorded the maximum increase in non-enzymatic antioxidant defense system under drought.”
t0“pea plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine or proline enhanced leaf SOD, APX and catalase activity under drought.
- Taxon
- pea plantLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- GB or prolinee0
- Outcome
- activity of SOD, APX and catalasee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- under droughte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of GB or proline enhanced the activity of SOD, APX and catalase in leaves under drought”
t0“pea plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine or proline increased seed SOD activity under long-term drought.
- Taxon
- pea plantLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- GB or prolinee0
- Outcome
- SOD activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under long-term drought stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of GB or proline enhanced the activity of SOD, APX and catalase in leaves under drought, while in seeds they increased SOD activity under long-term drought stress.”
t0“pea plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine decreased seed APX activity under drought.
- Taxon
- pea plantLathyrus oleraceust0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- GB applicatione0
- Outcome
- APX activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- under droughte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“APX activity in seeds under drought decreased by GB application.”
t0“pea plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine maximized APX activity under unstressed conditions and vegetative-stage drought.
- Taxon
- pea plantLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- GBe0
- Outcome
- APX activitye0
- Direction
- maximizinge0
- Qualifier
- under unstressed condition and drought at vegetative stagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum positive effect was for GB under unstressed condition and drought at vegetative stage, by maximizing APX activity”
t0“pea plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycine betaine enhanced assimilate production and translocation from source to sink under unstressed conditions and vegetative-stage drought.
- Taxon
- pea plantLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- GBe0
- Outcome
- production and translocation of assimilates from source to sinke0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
- Qualifier
- under unstressed condition and drought at vegetative stagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum positive effect was for GB under unstressed condition and drought at vegetative stage, by maximizing APX activity, in addition to enhancing the production and translocation of assimilates from source to sink.”
t0“pea plant”
The same questions in other papers
proline · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
glycine betaine · physiology: osmolytes · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
glycine betaine · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
drought · yield · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Results differ
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
20 papers more in this group
See all 24 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.