Abstract
The photon flux density (PFD) and spectrum regulate the growth, quality attributes, and postharvest physiology of leafy vegetables grown indoors. However, limited information is available on how a photon spectrum enriched with a broad range of different wavebands regulates these factors. To determine this, we grew baby-leaf lettuce ‘Rouxai’ under a PFD of 200 µmol m−2 s−1 provided by warm-white (WW; control) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) supplemented with either 30 µmol m−2 s−1 of ultraviolet-A (+UV30) or 50 µmol m−2 s−1 of blue (+B50), green (+G50), red (+R50), or WW (+WW50) light. We then quantified growth attributes and accumulated secondary metabolites at harvest and during storage in darkness at 5 °C. Additional +G50 light increased shoot fresh and dry weight by 53% and 59% compared to the control. Relative chlorophyll concentration increased under +UV30, +G50, and especially +B50. At harvest, +B50 increased total phenolic content (TPC) by 25% and anthocyanin content (TAC) by 2.0-fold. Additionally, +G50 increased antiradical activity (DPPH) by 29%. After each day of storage, TPC decreased by 2.9 to 7.1% and DPPH by 3.0 to 6.2%, while TAC degradation was less pronounced. Principal component analysis indicated a distinct effect of +G50 on the lettuce at harvest. However, concentrations of metabolites before and during storage were usually greatest under the +B50 and +R50 treatments.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Green supplemental light increased shoot fresh weight by 53%.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativat0 - Treatment
- +G50 lighte0
- Outcome
- shoot freshe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 53%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additional +G50 light increased shoot fresh and dry weight by 53% and 59% compared to the control”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Green supplemental light increased shoot dry weight by 59%.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- +G50 lighte0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 59%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additional +G50 light increased shoot fresh and dry weight by 53% and 59% compared to the control”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
UV30 increased relative chlorophyll concentration.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- +UV30e0
- Outcome
- Relative chlorophyll concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative chlorophyll concentration increased under +UV30, +G50, and especially +B50”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
G50 increased relative chlorophyll concentration.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- +G50e0
- Outcome
- Relative chlorophyll concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative chlorophyll concentration increased under +UV30, +G50, and especially +B50”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
B50 particularly increased relative chlorophyll concentration.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- +B50e0
- Outcome
- Relative chlorophyll concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Relative chlorophyll concentration increased under +UV30, +G50, and especially +B50”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
B50 increased total phenolic content 25% at harvest.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- +B50e0
- Outcome
- total phenolic content (TPC)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 25%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At harvest, +B50 increased total phenolic content (TPC) by 25% and anthocyanin content (TAC) by 2.0-fold”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
B50 increased anthocyanin content twofold at harvest.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- +B50e0
- Outcome
- anthocyanin content (TAC)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.0-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At harvest, +B50 increased total phenolic content (TPC) by 25% and anthocyanin content (TAC) by 2.0-fold”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
G50 increased antiradical activity by 29%.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- +G50e0
- Outcome
- antiradical activity (DPPH)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 29%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“+G50 increased antiradical activity (DPPH) by 29%”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
During storage, TPC declined 2.9 to 7.1% each day.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- TPCe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 2.9 to 7.1%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After each day of storage, TPC decreased by 2.9 to 7.1%”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
During storage, DPPH declined 3.0 to 6.2% each day.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- DPPHe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 3.0 to 6.2%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After each day of storage, TPC decreased by 2.9 to 7.1% and DPPH by 3.0 to 6.2%”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
TAC degradation was less pronounced during storage.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Outcome
- TAC degradatione0
- Direction
- less pronouncede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TAC degradation was less pronounced”
t0“Lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
PCA showed a distinct G50 effect on lettuce at harvest.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- +G50e0
- Outcome
- distinct effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Principal component analysis indicated a distinct effect of +G50 on the lettuce at harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolites were usually greatest under B50 and R50 before and during storage.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- +B50 and +R50 treatmentse0
- Outcome
- concentrations of metabolitese0
- Direction
- greateste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“concentrations of metabolites before and during storage were usually greatest under the +B50 and +R50 treatments”
t0“Lettuce”
The same questions in other papers
light · growth · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results
242 papers in the same direction as this paper · 54 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
296 papers more in this group
See all 300 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.