Abstract
Puddling of clay soils for rice transplanting causes a loss of soil structure and vertical shrinkage cracks that are hypothesized to hamper sunflower root growth in the following dry season. To alleviate soil constraints for sunflower root growth and yield, we examined the effects of three levels of mulch and two irrigation regimes in the dry season on a clay-textured soil in the coastal zone of Bangladesh. These treatments were no-mulch, rice straw mulch at 5 t ha−1 and 10 t ha−1, irrigation applied to the field capacity (I1) and a water supply double that of the I1 treatment (I2). The rice straw mulch significantly increased soil water content by 3–9% and decreased soil penetration resistance by 28–77% and crack volume by 84–91% at A 0–30 cm soil depth relative to the no-mulch treatment. The better root development with the rice straw mulch increased sunflower yield by 23%. No benefit or further reduction in soil penetration resistance or yield improvement was obtained from increasing the level of mulch from 5 to 10 t ha−1 or the volume of irrigation water. It is concluded that ameliorating soil constraints by mulch application led to better root growth in the upper root zone and the increased yield in the clay soil.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw mulch increased soil water content by 3–9%.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse1 - Treatment
- rice straw mulche0
- Outcome
- soil water contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3–9%e0
- Comparator
- no-mulche1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rice straw mulch significantly increased soil water content by 3–9%”
e1“sunflower root growth and yield, we examined the effects of three levels of mulch and two irrigation regimes in the dry season on a clay-textured soil in the coastal zone of Bangladesh. These treatments were no-mulch”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw mulch decreased penetration resistance by 28–77%.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Rice Straw Mulcht0
- Outcome
- soil penetration resistancee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 28–77%e0
- Comparator
- no-mulche1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased soil penetration resistance by 28–77%”
t0“Rice Straw Mulch on Soil Physical Properties, Sunflower Root Distribution and Yield”
e1“relative to the no-mulch treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw mulch decreased crack volume by 84–91%.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Rice Straw Mulcht0
- Outcome
- crack volumee0
- Value
- 84–91%e0
- Comparator
- no-mulch treatmente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and crack volume by 84–91% at A 0–30 cm soil depth relative to the no-mulch treatment.”
t0“Rice Straw Mulch on Soil Physical Properties, Sunflower Root Distribution and Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulch improved sunflower root development.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- rice straw mulche0
- Outcome
- root developmente0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- no-mulche1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The better root development with the rice straw mulch increased sunflower yield by 23%.”
e1“These treatments were no-mulch, rice straw mulch at 5 t ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulch increased sunflower yield by 23%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- rice straw mulche0
- Outcome
- sunflower yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 23%e0
- Comparator
- no-mulche1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The better root development with the rice straw mulch increased sunflower yield by 23%.”
e1“These treatments were no-mulch, rice straw mulch at 5 t ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing mulch from 5 to 10 t ha−1 gave no further improvement in penetration resistance or yield.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- 10 t ha−1e0
- Outcome
- soil penetration resistance or yield improvemente0
- Direction
- No benefit or further reductione0
- Comparator
- 5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No benefit or further reduction in soil penetration resistance or yield improvement was obtained from increasing the level of mulch from 5 to 10 t ha−1”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing irrigation volume gave no further improvement in soil resistance or yield.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- irrigation watere0
- Outcome
- yieldt0
- Comparator
- I1e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“or the volume of irrigation water.”
t0“Sunflower Root Distribution and Yield”
e1“irrigation applied to the field capacity (I1)”
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