Paper · 2021 · Sustainability

Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Play Different Roles in Enabling Maize to Uptake Phosphorus

Mengying Li; Liqun Cai

11
claims
23
verbatim quotes
49
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

The addition of biochar alters soil habitats and has an active effect on the symbiotic relationship between plants and mycorrhizal fungi. However, it is still unclear whether this effect alters the strategy of phosphorus uptake by plants. Therefore, pot experiments were conducted in order to investigate the effects of mycorrhizal colonization and biochar addition on plant growth, phosphorus absorption, and rhizosphere Olsen-P supply in maize under two moisture conditions—60% field water capacity (FWC) and 40% FWC. It was found that the addition of biochar increased the colonization rate of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and all the addition treatments significantly improved maize biomass, peroxidase (POD) activity, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate (Pn), plant height, leaf area, shoot phosphorus content, and phosphorus uptake by maize under the two moisture conditions. In addition, biochar had significant effects on root morphology under both water conditions, whereas AMF only showed significant effects under water stress. In contrast, phosphatase activity and microbial activity were higher in the AMF inoculation treatment than in the biochar addition treatment, and the trend was more significant under water stress. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that root morphology, rhizosphere microbial activity, phosphatase activity, available phosphorus content, and shoot phosphorus content had significant positive correlations. It was concluded that biochar aids plant uptake of phosphorus mainly by regulating root morphology and plant phosphorus content, whereas the large mycelium of AMF enhances microbial activity and phosphatase activity, thereby enabling more efficient phosphorus uptake by maize, especially under conditions of water stress.

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Claims 11

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Biochar addition increased the colonization rate of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in maize.

Taxon
MaizeZea mayst0
Treatment
addition of biochare2
Interactor
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)e2symbiont
Outcome
colonization rate of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)e2
Direction
increasede2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Play Different Roles in Enabling Maize to Uptake Phosphorus”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–100 · show in text ↑
e2

“the addition of biochar increased the colonization rate of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 538–631 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Biochar and AMF addition significantly improved maize biomass, peroxidase activity and chlorophyll content.

Taxon
MaizeZea mayst0
Treatment
addition treatmentse3
Outcome
maize biomass, peroxidase (POD) activity, chlorophyll contente3
Direction
improvede3
Setting
pot experimentse1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Play Different Roles in Enabling Maize to Uptake Phosphorus”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–100 · show in text ↑
e1

“pot experiments were conducted”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 250–280 · show in text ↑
e3

“all the addition treatments significantly improved maize biomass, peroxidase (POD) activity, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate (Pn), plant height, leaf area, shoot phosphorus content, and phosphorus uptake by maize under the two moisture conditions”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 637–892 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Biochar and AMF addition significantly improved photosynthetic rate, plant height and leaf area of maize.

Taxon
MaizeZea mayst0
Treatment
addition treatmentse3
Outcome
photosynthetic rate (Pn), plant height, leaf areae3
Direction
improvede3

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Play Different Roles in Enabling Maize to Uptake Phosphorus”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–100 · show in text ↑
e3

“all the addition treatments significantly improved maize biomass, peroxidase (POD) activity, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate (Pn), plant height, leaf area, shoot phosphorus content, and phosphorus uptake by maize under the two moisture conditions”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 637–892 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Biochar and AMF addition significantly improved shoot phosphorus content and phosphorus uptake of maize.

Taxon
MaizeZea mayst0
Treatment
addition treatmentse3
Outcome
shoot phosphorus content, and phosphorus uptakee3
Direction
improvede3

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Play Different Roles in Enabling Maize to Uptake Phosphorus”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–100 · show in text ↑
e3

“all the addition treatments significantly improved maize biomass, peroxidase (POD) activity, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate (Pn), plant height, leaf area, shoot phosphorus content, and phosphorus uptake by maize under the two moisture conditions”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 637–892 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Biochar had significant effects on maize root morphology under both water conditions.

Taxon
MaizeZea mayst0
Treatment
biochare4
Outcome
root morphologye4
Qualifier
under both water conditionse4

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Play Different Roles in Enabling Maize to Uptake Phosphorus”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–100 · show in text ↑
e4

“biochar had significant effects on root morphology under both water conditions, whereas AMF only showed significant effects under water stress”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 907–1049 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

AMF had significant effects on maize root morphology only under water stress.

Taxon
MaizeZea mayst0
Treatment
AMFe4
Interactor
AMFe4symbiont
Outcome
root morphologye4
Qualifier
under water stresse4

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Play Different Roles in Enabling Maize to Uptake Phosphorus”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–100 · show in text ↑
e4

“biochar had significant effects on root morphology under both water conditions, whereas AMF only showed significant effects under water stress”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 907–1049 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

AMF inoculation gave higher maize phosphatase and microbial activity than biochar addition, more so under water stress.

Taxon
MaizeZea mayst0
Treatment
AMF inoculation treatmente5
Interactor
AMFe5symbiont
Outcome
phosphatase activity and microbial activitye5
Direction
highere5
Qualifier
the trend was more significant under water stresse5
Comparator
biochar addition treatmente5

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Play Different Roles in Enabling Maize to Uptake Phosphorus”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–100 · show in text ↑
e5

“phosphatase activity and microbial activity were higher in the AMF inoculation treatment than in the biochar addition treatment, and the trend was more significant under water stress”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1064–1246 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Root morphology, rhizosphere microbial activity and phosphatase activity in maize were positively correlated.

Taxon
MaizeZea mayst0
Organ / stage
rhizospheree6
Outcome
root morphology, rhizosphere microbial activity, phosphatase activitye6
Direction
increaseinferrede6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Play Different Roles in Enabling Maize to Uptake Phosphorus”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–100 · show in text ↑
e6

“root morphology, rhizosphere microbial activity, phosphatase activity, available phosphorus content, and shoot phosphorus content had significant positive correlations”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1295–1462 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Available phosphorus content and shoot phosphorus content in maize were positively correlated with the other traits.

Taxon
MaizeZea mayst0
Organ / stage
rhizospheree6
Outcome
available phosphorus content, and shoot phosphorus contente6
Direction
increaseinferrede6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Play Different Roles in Enabling Maize to Uptake Phosphorus”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–100 · show in text ↑
e6

“root morphology, rhizosphere microbial activity, phosphatase activity, available phosphorus content, and shoot phosphorus content had significant positive correlations”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1295–1462 · show in text ↑
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Biochar aids maize phosphorus uptake mainly by regulating root morphology and plant phosphorus content.

Taxon
MaizeZea mayst0
Treatment
biochare7
Outcome
plant uptake of phosphoruse7
Qualifier
regulating root morphology and plant phosphorus contente7

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Play Different Roles in Enabling Maize to Uptake Phosphorus”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–100 · show in text ↑
e7

“biochar aids plant uptake of phosphorus mainly by regulating root morphology and plant phosphorus content”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1486–1591 · show in text ↑
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The large AMF mycelium enhances maize microbial and phosphatase activity, enabling more efficient phosphorus uptake, especially under water stress.

Taxon
MaizeZea mayst0
Interactor
AMFe7symbiont
Outcome
more efficient phosphorus uptakee7
Qualifier
especially under conditions of water stresse7

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays
Zea mays · TaxonAkwugo · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Play Different Roles in Enabling Maize to Uptake Phosphorus”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–100 · show in text ↑
e7

“the large mycelium of AMF enhances microbial activity and phosphatase activity, thereby enabling more efficient phosphorus uptake by maize, especially under conditions of water stress”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1601–1784 · show in text ↑

biochar · disease · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

16 papers: 10 positive, 6 negative or no effect

9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative

12 papers more in this group

See all 16 papers →

mycorrhiza · soil: biology · Zea mays (maize)Results differ

24 papers: 23 positive, 1 negative or no effect

22 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. positive
  3. positive

20 papers more in this group

See all 24 papers →

inoculation · soil: biology · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

65 papers: 57 positive, 8 negative or no effect

56 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

61 papers more in this group

See all 65 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.