Abstract
Indoor growing systems with light-emitting diodes offer advantages for the growth of tomato seedlings through uniform and optimized environmental conditions which increase consistency between plants and growing cycles. CO 2 enrichment has been shown to improve the yield of crops. Thus, this research aimed to characterize the effects of varied light intensities and CO 2 enrichment on the growth, morphology, and production efficiency of tomato seedlings in indoor growing systems. Four tomato cultivars, “Florida-47 R,” “Rebelski,” “Maxifort,” and “Shin Cheong Gang,” were subjected to three different daily light integrals (DLIs) of 6.5, 9.7, and 13 mol m –2 d –1 with a percent photon flux ratio of 40 blue:60 red and an end-of-day far-red treatment of 5 mmol m –2 d –1 . The plants were also subjected to three different CO 2 concentrations: 448 ± 32 (400-ambient), 1010 ± 45 (1000), and 1568 ± 129 (1600) μmol mol –1 . Temperature was maintained at 24.3°C ± 0.48/16.8°C ± 1.1 (day/dark; 22.4°C average) and relative humidity at 52.56 ± 8.2%. Plant density was 1000 plants m –2 until canopy closure. Morphological measurements were conducted daily to observe the growth response over time. In addition, data was collected to quantify the effects of each treatment. The results showed increases in growth rate with increases in the DLI and CO 2 concentration. In addition, CO 2 enrichment to 1000–1600 μmol mol –1 increased the light use efficiency (g DM mol –1 applied ) by 38–44%, and CO 2 enrichment to 1600 μmol mol –1 did not result in any additional increase on shoot fresh mass, shoot dry mass, and stem extension. However, the net photosynthetic rate obtained with 1600 μmol mol –1 was 31 and 68% higher than those obtained with 1000 and 400 μmol mol –1 , respectively. Furthermore, the comparison of the light and CO 2 treatment combinations with the control (13 mol m –2 d –1 –400CO 2 ) revealed that the plants subjected to 6.5DLI–1600CO 2 , 9.7DLI–1000CO 2 , and 9.7DLI–1600CO 2 treatment combinations exhibited the same growth rate as the control plants but with 25–50% less DLI. Furthermore, two treatment combinations (13.0DLI–1000CO 2 and 13.0DLI–1600CO 2 ) were associated with the consumption of comparable amount of energy but increased plant growth by 24–33%.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling growth rate increased as daily light integral increased.
- Taxon
- Tomato Seedlings
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- DLIe0
- Outcome
- growth ratee0
- Direction
- increasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
e0“The results showed increases in growth rate with increases in the DLI and CO 2 concentration.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling growth rate increased as carbon dioxide concentration increased.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CO 2 concentratione0
- Outcome
- growth ratee0
- Direction
- increasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
e0“The results showed increases in growth rate with increases in the DLI and CO 2 concentration.”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon dioxide enrichment to 1000–1600 μmol mol –1 increased light use efficiency by 38–44%.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CO 2 enrichment to 1000–1600 μmol mol –1e0
- Outcome
- light use efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 38–44%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
e0“CO 2 enrichment to 1000–1600 μmol mol –1 increased the light use efficiency (g DM mol –1 applied ) by 38–44%”
Claim · model-written summary
Enrichment to 1600 μmol mol –1 gave no additional increase in shoot fresh mass, shoot dry mass or stem extension.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CO 2 enrichment to 1600 μmol mol –1e0
- Outcome
- shoot fresh mass, shoot dry mass, and stem extensione0
- Direction
- did not result in any additional increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
e0“CO 2 enrichment to 1600 μmol mol –1 did not result in any additional increase on shoot fresh mass, shoot dry mass, and stem extension”
Claim · model-written summary
Net photosynthetic rate at 1600 μmol mol –1 was 31% higher than at 1000 μmol mol –1.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 1600 μmol mol –1e0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 31e0
- Comparator
- 1000e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
e0“the net photosynthetic rate obtained with 1600 μmol mol –1 was 31 and 68% higher than those obtained with 1000 and 400 μmol mol –1 , respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Net photosynthetic rate at 1600 μmol mol –1 was 68% higher than at 400 μmol mol –1.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 1600 μmol mol –1e0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 68%e0
- Comparator
- 400 μmol mol –1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
e0“the net photosynthetic rate obtained with 1600 μmol mol –1 was 31 and 68% higher than those obtained with 1000 and 400 μmol mol –1 , respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The 6.5DLI–1600CO 2 combination matched control growth rate using 25–50% less DLI.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 6.5DLI–1600CO 2e0
- Outcome
- growth ratee0
- Direction
- samee0
- Value
- 25–50% less DLIe0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
e0“the plants subjected to 6.5DLI–1600CO 2 , 9.7DLI–1000CO 2 , and 9.7DLI–1600CO 2 treatment combinations exhibited the same growth rate as the control plants but with 25–50% less DLI”
e1“the control (13 mol m –2 d –1 –400CO 2 )”
Claim · model-written summary
The 9.7DLI–1000CO 2 combination matched control growth rate using 25–50% less DLI.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 9.7DLI–1000CO 2e0
- Outcome
- growth ratee0
- Direction
- samee0
- Value
- 25–50% less DLIe0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
e0“the plants subjected to 6.5DLI–1600CO 2 , 9.7DLI–1000CO 2 , and 9.7DLI–1600CO 2 treatment combinations exhibited the same growth rate as the control plants but with 25–50% less DLI”
Claim · model-written summary
The 9.7DLI–1600CO 2 combination matched control growth rate using 25–50% less DLI.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 9.7DLI–1600CO 2e0
- Outcome
- growth ratee0
- Direction
- samee0
- Value
- 25–50% less DLIe0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
e0“the plants subjected to 6.5DLI–1600CO 2 , 9.7DLI–1000CO 2 , and 9.7DLI–1600CO 2 treatment combinations exhibited the same growth rate as the control plants but with 25–50% less DLI”
Claim · model-written summary
The 13.0DLI–1000CO 2 combination increased plant growth by 24–33% with comparable energy consumption.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 13.0DLI–1000CO 2e0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 24–33%e0
- Qualifier
- consumption of comparable amount of energye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
e0“two treatment combinations (13.0DLI–1000CO 2 and 13.0DLI–1600CO 2 ) were associated with the consumption of comparable amount of energy but increased plant growth by 24–33%”
Claim · model-written summary
The 13.0DLI–1600CO 2 combination increased plant growth by 24–33% with comparable energy consumption.
- Taxon
- Tomato SeedlingsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 13.0DLI–1600CO 2e0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 24–33%e0
- Qualifier
- consumption of comparable amount of energye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Seedlings”
e0“two treatment combinations (13.0DLI–1000CO 2 and 13.0DLI–1600CO 2 ) were associated with the consumption of comparable amount of energy but increased plant growth by 24–33%”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 59 in the opposite direction
- positive
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See all 75 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.