Abstract
Legumes are a potent source of bioactive ingredients that may be enhanced in seed germination particularly under saline condition. The levels of melatonin, its precursors, total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant activity of selected legume seeds were evaluated. Soybeans (Glycine max), black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), red kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) and lentils (Lens culinaris) were germinated with distilled water and sodium chloride solution (67 mM NaCl), while ungerminated seeds served as control. Results indicated that legume seeds were a good dietary source of melatonin, serotonin and free tryptophan, as well as TPC. Germination of legume seeds, regardless of NaCl treatment, would stimulate melatonin, serotonin and tryptophan content, and also exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than ungerminated seeds. However, under saline condition, the levels of melatonin, serotonin, TPC and antioxidant activity were enhanced in soybeans, black beans and lentils, while chickpeas and red kidney beans exhibited higher levels of melatonin, TPC and antioxidant activity. These findings showed that the germination of legume seeds under saline stress to stimulate antioxidant defense mechanisms is a promising technique to improve the level of antioxidants like TPC, melatonin and its precursors, as well as antioxidant activity, in legume sprouts.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Legume seeds were a good dietary source of melatonin, serotonin and free tryptophan.
Verbatim
e1“legume seeds were a good dietary source of melatonin, serotonin and free tryptophan, as well as TPC”
Claim · model-written summary
Legume seeds were a good dietary source of total phenolic content (TPC).
Verbatim
e1“legume seeds were a good dietary source of melatonin, serotonin and free tryptophan, as well as TPC”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination of legume seeds stimulated melatonin, serotonin and tryptophan content, relative to ungerminated seeds, regardless of NaCl treatment.
Verbatim
e2“Germination of legume seeds, regardless of NaCl treatment, would stimulate melatonin, serotonin and tryptophan content, and also exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than ungerminated seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination of legume seeds gave stronger antioxidant activity than ungerminated seeds.
Verbatim
e2“Germination of legume seeds, regardless of NaCl treatment, would stimulate melatonin, serotonin and tryptophan content, and also exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than ungerminated seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Under saline condition, soybean melatonin, serotonin and TPC levels were enhanced.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxe3 - Treatment
- under saline conditione3
- Outcome
- melatonin, serotonin, TPCe3
- Direction
- enhancede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“under saline condition, the levels of melatonin, serotonin, TPC and antioxidant activity were enhanced in soybeans, black beans and lentils”
Claim · model-written summary
Under saline condition, soybean antioxidant activity was enhanced.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe3
- Treatment
- under saline conditione3
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye3
- Direction
- enhancede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“under saline condition, the levels of melatonin, serotonin, TPC and antioxidant activity were enhanced in soybeans, black beans and lentils”
Claim · model-written summary
Under saline condition, black bean melatonin, serotonin and TPC levels were enhanced.
- Taxon
- black beanse3
- Treatment
- under saline conditione3
- Outcome
- melatonin, serotonin, TPCe3
- Direction
- enhancede3
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e3“under saline condition, the levels of melatonin, serotonin, TPC and antioxidant activity were enhanced in soybeans, black beans and lentils”
Claim · model-written summary
Under saline condition, black bean antioxidant activity was enhanced.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e3“under saline condition, the levels of melatonin, serotonin, TPC and antioxidant activity were enhanced in soybeans, black beans and lentils”
Claim · model-written summary
Under saline condition, lentil melatonin, serotonin and TPC levels were enhanced.
- Taxon
- lentils
Lens culinarise3 - Treatment
- under saline conditione3
- Outcome
- melatonin, serotonin, TPCe3
- Direction
- enhancede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“under saline condition, the levels of melatonin, serotonin, TPC and antioxidant activity were enhanced in soybeans, black beans and lentils”
Claim · model-written summary
Under saline condition, lentil antioxidant activity was enhanced.
- Taxon
- lentilsLens culinarise3
- Treatment
- under saline conditione3
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye3
- Direction
- enhancede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“under saline condition, the levels of melatonin, serotonin, TPC and antioxidant activity were enhanced in soybeans, black beans and lentils”
Claim · model-written summary
Under saline condition, chickpea melatonin, TPC and antioxidant activity levels were higher.
- Taxon
- chickpeas
Cicer arietinume4 - Treatment
- under saline conditione3
- Outcome
- melatonin, TPC and antioxidant activitye4
- Direction
- highere4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“under saline condition, the levels of melatonin, serotonin, TPC and antioxidant activity were enhanced in soybeans, black beans and lentils”
e4“chickpeas and red kidney beans exhibited higher levels of melatonin, TPC and antioxidant activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Under saline condition, red kidney bean melatonin, TPC and antioxidant activity levels were higher.
- Taxon
- red kidney beanse4
- Treatment
- under saline conditione3
- Outcome
- melatonin, TPC and antioxidant activitye4
- Direction
- highere4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e3“under saline condition, the levels of melatonin, serotonin, TPC and antioxidant activity were enhanced in soybeans, black beans and lentils”
e4“chickpeas and red kidney beans exhibited higher levels of melatonin, TPC and antioxidant activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Germinating legume seeds under saline stress is a promising technique to improve antioxidant levels in legume sprouts.
Verbatim
e5“the germination of legume seeds under saline stress to stimulate antioxidant defense mechanisms is a promising technique to improve the level of antioxidants like TPC, melatonin and its precursors, as well as antioxidant activity, in legume sprouts”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · quality: phytochemicals · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →salinity · quality: phytochemicals · Lens culinaris (lentil)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
salinity · quality: phytochemicals · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
salinity · quality: phytochemicals · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.