Abstract
Enzymes that degrade fungal cell walls and the resulting oligosaccharides are promising weapons to combat plant fungal disease. In this study, we identified a novel endo-chitosanase, AqCoA, from Aquabacterium sp. A7-Y. The enzyme showed a specific activity of 18 U/mg toward 95% deacetylated chitosan at pH 5.0 and 40 °C. AqCoA also showed activity toward sodium carboxymethylcellulose, indicating substrate promiscuity. AqCoA hydrolyzed chitosan into chitooligosaccharides (CoA-COSs) with degrees of polymerization (DPs) of 3–5 but showed no activity toward CoA-COSs with DPs <6, indicating an endo-type activity. At 2.5 μg/mL, AqCoA inhibited appressorium formation of Magnaporthe oryzae; the produced CoA-COSs also inhibited the growth of M. oryzae and Fusarium oxysporum. Furthermore, CoA-COSs acted as immune elicitors in rice by inducing the reactive oxygen species burst and the expression of defense genes. These results demonstrated that AqCoA and its resulting CoA-COSs might be effective tools for protecting plants against pathogenic fungi.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
AqCoA has a specific activity of 18 U/mg toward 95% deacetylated chitosan at pH 5.0 and 40 °C.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“The enzyme showed a specific activity of 18 U/mg toward 95% deacetylated chitosan at pH 5.0 and 40 °C”
Claim · model-written summary
AqCoA hydrolyzes chitosan into oligosaccharides with DPs 3–5 and shows endo-type activity.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e2“AqCoA hydrolyzed chitosan into chitooligosaccharides (CoA-COSs) with degrees of polymerization (DPs) of 3–5 but showed no activity toward CoA-COSs with DPs <6, indicating an endo-type activity”
Claim · model-written summary
AqCoA at 2.5 μg/mL inhibited appressorium formation of Magnaporthe oryzae on rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae5 - Treatment
- At 2.5 μg/mL, AqCoAe3
- Interactor
- Magnaporthe oryzae
Pyricularia oryzaee3pathogen - Outcome
- appressorium formation of Magnaporthe oryzaee3
- Direction
- inhibitede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“At 2.5 μg/mL, AqCoA inhibited appressorium formation of Magnaporthe oryzae”
e5“Furthermore, CoA-COSs acted as immune elicitors in rice by inducing the reactive oxygen species burst and the expression of defense genes”
Claim · model-written summary
CoA-COSs inhibited the growth of Magnaporthe oryzae on rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae5
- Treatment
- CoA-COSse4
- Interactor
- M. oryzaePyricularia oryzaee4pathogen
- Outcome
- growth of M. oryzaee4
- Direction
- inhibitede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“the produced CoA-COSs also inhibited the growth of M. oryzae and Fusarium oxysporum”
e5“Furthermore, CoA-COSs acted as immune elicitors in rice by inducing the reactive oxygen species burst and the expression of defense genes”
Claim · model-written summary
CoA-COSs inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporum on rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae5
- Treatment
- CoA-COSse4
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume4pathogen - Outcome
- growthe4
- Direction
- inhibitede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e4“the produced CoA-COSs also inhibited the growth of M. oryzae and Fusarium oxysporum”
e5“Furthermore, CoA-COSs acted as immune elicitors in rice by inducing the reactive oxygen species burst and the expression of defense genes”
Claim · model-written summary
CoA-COSs induced a reactive oxygen species burst in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae5
- Treatment
- CoA-COSse5
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species burste5
- Direction
- inducinge5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Furthermore, CoA-COSs acted as immune elicitors in rice by inducing the reactive oxygen species burst and the expression of defense genes”
Claim · model-written summary
CoA-COSs induced expression of defense genes in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae5
- Treatment
- CoA-COSse5
- Outcome
- expression of defense genese5
- Direction
- inducinge5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Furthermore, CoA-COSs acted as immune elicitors in rice by inducing the reactive oxygen species burst and the expression of defense genes”
Claim · model-written summary
AqCoA and its CoA-COSs might be effective tools for protecting plants against pathogenic fungi.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee6
- Outcome
- protecting plants against pathogenic fungie6
Verbatim
e6“These results demonstrated that AqCoA and its resulting CoA-COSs might be effective tools for protecting plants against pathogenic fungi”
The same questions in other papers
chitooligosaccharide · molecular: expression · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
chitosan · Fusarium oxysporum · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
chitosan · molecular: expression · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
chitosan · physiology: oxidative · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
chitosan · Pyricularia oryzae · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.