Abstract
The adjuvants involved in pesticide formulation have a vital role in enhancing the physical properties of active ingredient delivered to the target site in plant-parasitic nematodes. The present study elucidates the potential effect of combinations of the nematicide oxamyl (Vaydate® 24 % SL) and surfactants on the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato plants. Three surfactants namely, Agrimax-3H®, Silwet L-77®, and Sylgard 309® were used at their recommended rats (15 ml/100 L, 5 ml /100 L, and 250 ml/100 L, respectively) as well as the combinations of their respective ¼ R, ½ R, ¾ R with oxamyl at three rates i.e. the recommended (R, 48 mg a.i /plant); ¾ R, 36 mg a.i./plant and ½ R, 24 mg a.i./plant. The results revealed that surfactants caused approximately 50 and 25% hatching inhibition in egg masses and eggs, respectively while oxamyl exhibited the highest egg hatching inhibition by 90% throughout the trial period. The combination of oxamyl and Agrimax-3H showed significantly (P ≤ 0.01) more effectiveness against egg masses (71.17%) or free eggs (55.45% ) hatching as exposure time increase. Moreover, oxamyl potency increased to kill 95% of IJ2 whereas, other surfactants caused a 30% reduction. The mixtures of all tested adjuvants with oxamyl at the recommended rate raised oxamyl potency to kill 100 % IJ2 accompanied by a shortage of oxamyl latent period (LP). Whereas, Agrimax-3H surpassed other surfactants and shorted the LT50 of oxamyl to 0.82 days increasing its nematicidal effect. The addition of surfactants to oxamyl as protective treatment displayed a significant increase in tomato plant growth and suppressed galling of M. incognita while the combination between oxamyl and surfactants as curative treatments showed a vigor control efficacy within oxamyl and Agrimax-3H only and surpassed oxamyl formulation without significant difference.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Surfactants caused about 50% hatching inhibition in M. incognita egg masses.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Organ / stage
- egg massese1
- Treatment
- surfactantse1
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae0pathogen - Outcome
- hatching inhibitione1
- Direction
- inhibitione1
- Value
- approximately 50e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato plants”
e1“surfactants caused approximately 50 and 25% hatching inhibition in egg masses and eggs, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Surfactants caused about 25% hatching inhibition in M. incognita eggs.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- eggse1
- Treatment
- surfactantse1
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- hatching inhibitione1
- Direction
- inhibitione1
- Value
- 25%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato plants”
e1“surfactants caused approximately 50 and 25% hatching inhibition in egg masses and eggs, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxamyl gave the highest egg hatching inhibition, 90%, throughout the trial period.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- egge4
- Treatment
- oxamyle4
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- egg hatching inhibitione4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 90%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato plants”
e4“oxamyl exhibited the highest egg hatching inhibition by 90% throughout the trial period”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxamyl with Agrimax-3H was significantly more effective against egg masses hatching, 71.17%, as exposure time increased.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- egg massese2
- Treatment
- combination of oxamyl and Agrimax-3He2
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- effectiveness against egg massese2
- Direction
- moree2
- Value
- 71.17%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato plants”
e2“The combination of oxamyl and Agrimax-3H showed significantly (P ≤ 0.01) more effectiveness against egg masses (71.17%) or free eggs (55.45% ) hatching as exposure time increase”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxamyl with Agrimax-3H was significantly more effective against free eggs hatching, 55.45%, as exposure time increased.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- free eggse2
- Treatment
- combination of oxamyl and Agrimax-3He2
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- hatchinge2
- Direction
- moree2
- Value
- 55.45%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato plants”
e2“The combination of oxamyl and Agrimax-3H showed significantly (P ≤ 0.01) more effectiveness against egg masses (71.17%) or free eggs (55.45% ) hatching as exposure time increase”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxamyl potency increased to kill 95% of M. incognita IJ2.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- IJ2e3
- Treatment
- oxamyle3
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- potencye3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 95%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato plants”
e3“oxamyl potency increased to kill 95% of IJ2 whereas, other surfactants caused a 30% reduction”
Claim · model-written summary
Other surfactants caused a 30% reduction in oxamyl potency to kill M. incognita IJ2.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- IJ2e3
- Treatment
- other surfactantse3
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- potencye3
- Direction
- reductione3
- Value
- 30%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato plants”
e3“oxamyl potency increased to kill 95% of IJ2 whereas, other surfactants caused a 30% reduction”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixtures of all tested adjuvants with oxamyl at the recommended rate raised oxamyl potency to kill 100% of M. incognita IJ2.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- IJ2e4
- Treatment
- mixtures of all tested adjuvants with oxamyl at the recommended ratee4
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- oxamyl potencye4
- Direction
- raisede4
- Value
- 100 %e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato plants”
e4“The mixtures of all tested adjuvants with oxamyl at the recommended rate raised oxamyl potency to kill 100 % IJ2 accompanied by a shortage of oxamyl latent period (LP)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixtures of all tested adjuvants with oxamyl at the recommended rate shortened the oxamyl latent period.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- mixtures of all tested adjuvants with oxamyl at the recommended ratee4
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- latent periode4
- Direction
- shortagee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato plants”
e4“The mixtures of all tested adjuvants with oxamyl at the recommended rate raised oxamyl potency to kill 100 % IJ2 accompanied by a shortage of oxamyl latent period (LP)”
Claim · model-written summary
Agrimax-3H shortened the LT50 of oxamyl to 0.82 days, increasing its nematicidal effect.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Agrimax-3He5
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- LT50e5
- Direction
- shortede5
- Value
- 0.82 dayse5
- Comparator
- other surfactantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato plants”
e5“Agrimax-3H surpassed other surfactants and shorted the LT50 of oxamyl to 0.82 days increasing its nematicidal effect”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding surfactants to oxamyl as protective treatment significantly increased tomato plant growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume6
- Treatment
- addition of surfactants to oxamyl as protective treatmente6
- Outcome
- plant growthe6
- Direction
- significant increasee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The addition of surfactants to oxamyl as protective treatment displayed a significant increase in tomato plant growth and suppressed galling of M. incognita”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding surfactants to oxamyl as protective treatment suppressed galling by M. incognita.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume6
- Treatment
- addition of surfactants to oxamyl as protective treatmente6
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae6pathogen
- Outcome
- gallinge6
- Direction
- suppressede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The addition of surfactants to oxamyl as protective treatment displayed a significant increase in tomato plant growth and suppressed galling of M. incognita”
Claim · model-written summary
Curative combinations of oxamyl and surfactants showed control efficacy only within oxamyl and Agrimax-3H.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- the combination between oxamyl and surfactants as curative treatmentse7
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- control efficacye7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato plants”
e7“the combination between oxamyl and surfactants as curative treatments showed a vigor control efficacy within oxamyl and Agrimax-3H only and surpassed oxamyl formulation without significant difference”
Claim · model-written summary
Curative oxamyl with Agrimax-3H surpassed the oxamyl formulation without significant difference in control efficacy.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- oxamyl and Agrimax-3He7
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- control efficacye7
- Direction
- surpassede7
- Comparator
- oxamyl formulatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato plants”
e7“the combination between oxamyl and surfactants as curative treatments showed a vigor control efficacy within oxamyl and Agrimax-3H only and surpassed oxamyl formulation without significant difference”
The same questions in other papers
oxamyl · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →oxamyl · Meloidogyne incognita · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →surfactant · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.