Abstract
Abstract Background Salinity is an important global problem with destructive impacts on plants leading to different biochemical and metabolic changes in plants through induced oxidative stress that disturbs metabolism, growth, performance and productivity of plants. Given that putrescine (Put) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs), individually, have promising effects in different plant processes, the idea of their combination in a nano-structure “Put-CQD” lead to its synthesis to evaluate the potential exertion of synergistic effects. The current study aimed to investigate the application of newly-synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) consisting of CQDs and Put in grapevine ( Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Sultana’) under salinity stress conditions. For this purpose, Put, CQDs and Put-CQD NPs at 5 and 10 mg L − 1 concentrations were applied as chemical priming agents in ‘Sultana’ grapevine 48 h prior salinity stress imposition (0 and 100 mM NaCl). Results Salinity significantly decreased ( P ≤ 0.05) morphological parameters, photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and membrane stability index. In addition, salinity enhanced MDA, H 2 O 2 , proline content and antioxidant enzyme activity. Results revealed that Put-CQD NPs, particularly at 10 mg L − 1 concentration, alleviated the destructive impacts of salinity stress by improving leaf fresh and dry weights, K + content, photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence and SPAD parameters, proline content, total phenolics and antioxidant enzymatic activities (CAT, APX, GP and SOD), while decreasing Na + content, EL, MDA and H 2 O 2 levels. Conclusion To conclude, Put-CQD NPs represent an innovative priming treatment that could be effectively applied on grapevine to improve plant performance under salinity stress conditions.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced grapevine morphological parameters, photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence.
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- morphological parameters, photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence parameterse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
VitisNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity significantly decreased ( P ≤ 0.05) morphological parameters, photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and membrane stability index”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced grapevine membrane stability index.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity significantly decreased ( P ≤ 0.05) morphological parameters, photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and membrane stability index”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased grapevine MDA, H2O2 and proline content.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity enhanced MDA, H 2 O 2 , proline content and antioxidant enzyme activity”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased grapevine antioxidant enzyme activity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity enhanced MDA, H 2 O 2 , proline content and antioxidant enzyme activity”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Put-CQD priming improved grapevine leaf fresh and dry weights under salinity.
- Treatment
- Put-CQD NPse0
- Outcome
- leaf fresh and dry weightse0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Qualifier
- particularly at 10 mg L − 1 concentratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Put-CQD NPs, particularly at 10 mg L − 1 concentration, alleviated the destructive impacts of salinity stress by improving leaf fresh and dry weights, K + content, photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence and SPAD parameters, proline content, total phenolics and antioxidant enzymatic activities (CAT, APX, GP and SOD)”
t0“grapevine”
Claim · model-written summary
Put-CQD priming improved grapevine K+ content, pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence under salinity.
- Treatment
- Put-CQD NPst1
- Outcome
- K + content, photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescencee0
- Direction
- improvinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improving leaf fresh and dry weights, K + content, photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence and SPAD parameters, proline content, total phenolics and antioxidant enzymatic activities (CAT, APX, GP and SOD)”
t0“grapevine”
t1“Put-CQD NPs, particularly at 10 mg L − 1 concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Put-CQD priming improved grapevine SPAD, proline and total phenolics under salinity.
- Treatment
- Put-CQD NPst1
- Outcome
- SPAD parameters, proline content, total phenolicse0
- Direction
- improvingt1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SPAD parameters, proline content, total phenolics and antioxidant enzymatic activities (CAT, APX, GP and SOD)”
t0“grapevine”
t1“Put-CQD NPs, particularly at 10 mg L − 1 concentration, alleviated the destructive impacts of salinity stress by improving”
Claim · model-written summary
Put-CQD priming improved grapevine antioxidant enzyme activities under salinity.
- Treatment
- Put-CQD NPst1
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymatic activities (CAT, APX, GP and SOD)e0
- Direction
- improvingt1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“antioxidant enzymatic activities (CAT, APX, GP and SOD)”
t0“grapevine”
t1“Put-CQD NPs, particularly at 10 mg L − 1 concentration, alleviated the destructive impacts of salinity stress by improving”
Claim · model-written summary
Put-CQD priming lowered grapevine sodium content, electrolyte leakage, MDA and H2O2 under salinity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while decreasing Na + content, EL, MDA and H 2 O 2 levels”
t0“grapevine”
t1“Put-CQD NPs, particularly at 10 mg L − 1 concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend Put-CQD priming to improve grapevine performance under salinity.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Put-CQD NPs represent an innovative priming treatment that could be effectively applied on grapevine to improve plant performance under salinity stress conditions”
The same questions in other papers
putrescine · physiology: photosynthesis · VitisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
putrescine · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · VitisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
putrescine · growth · VitisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
putrescine · physiology: oxidative · VitisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
nanoparticle · physiology: photosynthesis · VitisPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
salinity · physiology: oxidative · VitisPositive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →nanoparticle · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · VitisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
nanoparticle · physiology: oxidative · VitisResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.