Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is caused by a consortium of mutually interacting Fusarium species. In the field, the weakly pathogenic F. poae often thrives on the infection sites of the virulent F. graminearum . In this ecological context, we investigated the efficacy of chemical and biocontrol agents against F. graminearum in wheat ears. For this purpose, one fungicide comprising prothioconazole + spiroxamine and two bacterial biocontrol strains, Streptomyces rimosus LMG 19352 and Rhodococcus sp. R-43120 were tested for their efficacy to reduce FHB symptoms and mycotoxin (deoxynivalenol, DON) production by F. graminearum in presence or absence of F. poae . Results showed that the fungicide and both actinobacterial strains reduced FHB symptoms and concomitant DON levels in wheat ears inoculated with F. graminearum . Where Streptomyces rimosus appeared to have direct antagonistic effects, Rhodococcus and the fungicide mediated suppression of F. graminearum was linked to the archetypal salicylic acid and jasmonic acid defense pathways that involve the activation of LOX1 , LOX2 and ICS . Remarkably, this chemical- and biocontrol efficacy was significantly reduced when F. poae was co-inoculated with F. graminearum . This reduced efficacy was linked to a suppression of the plant’s intrinsic defense system and increased levels of DON. In conclusion, our study shows that control strategies against the virulent F. graminearum in the disease complex causing FHB are hampered by the presence of the weakly pathogenic F. poae . This study provides generic insights in the complexity of control strategies against plant diseases caused by multiple pathogens.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The fungicide reduced head blight symptoms in wheat ears infected with F. graminearum.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- fungicidee0
- Interactor
- F. graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume0pathogen - Outcome
- FHB symptomse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that the fungicide and both actinobacterial strains reduced FHB symptoms and concomitant DON levels in wheat ears inoculated with F. graminearum .”
Claim · model-written summary
Both actinobacterial strains reduced head blight symptoms in wheat ears infected with F. graminearum.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- both actinobacterial strainse0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- FHB symptomse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that the fungicide and both actinobacterial strains reduced FHB symptoms and concomitant DON levels in wheat ears inoculated with F. graminearum .”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungicide reduced DON levels in infected wheat ears.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- fungicidee0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- DON levelse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that the fungicide and both actinobacterial strains reduced FHB symptoms and concomitant DON levels in wheat ears inoculated with F. graminearum .”
Claim · model-written summary
Both actinobacterial strains reduced DON levels in infected wheat ears.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- both actinobacterial strainse0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- DON levelse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that the fungicide and both actinobacterial strains reduced FHB symptoms and concomitant DON levels in wheat ears inoculated with F. graminearum .”
Claim · model-written summary
Streptomyces rimosus appeared to act through direct antagonism.
- Interactor
- Streptomyces rimosusStreptomyces rimosuse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- direct antagonistic effectse0
Not reportedTaxonQualifier
Verbatim
e0“Streptomyces rimosus appeared to have direct antagonistic effects”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhodococcus-mediated suppression was linked to salicylic and jasmonic acid defense pathways with LOX1, LOX2 and ICS activation.
- Interactor
- Rhodococcuse0biocontrol_agent
- Gene
- LOX1 , LOX2 and ICSe0
- Compound
- salicylic acid and jasmonic acide0
- Outcome
- suppression of F. graminearume0
Not reportedTaxonQualifier
Verbatim
e0“Rhodococcus and the fungicide mediated suppression of F. graminearum was linked to the archetypal salicylic acid and jasmonic acid defense pathways that involve the activation of LOX1 , LOX2 and ICS .”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide-mediated suppression was linked to salicylic and jasmonic acid defense pathways with LOX1, LOX2 and ICS activation.
- Treatment
- fungicidee0
- Gene
- LOX1 , LOX2 and ICSe0
- Compound
- salicylic acid and jasmonic acide0
- Outcome
- suppression of F. graminearume0
Not reportedTaxonQualifier
Verbatim
e0“Rhodococcus and the fungicide mediated suppression of F. graminearum was linked to the archetypal salicylic acid and jasmonic acid defense pathways that involve the activation of LOX1 , LOX2 and ICS .”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculated F. poae significantly reduced chemical and biological control efficacy against F. graminearum.
- Treatment
- F. poae was co-inoculated with F. graminearume0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Second interactor
- F. poae
Fusarium poaee0pathogen - Outcome
- chemical- and biocontrol efficacye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this chemical- and biocontrol efficacy was significantly reduced when F. poae was co-inoculated with F. graminearum .”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced control efficacy was linked to suppression of intrinsic plant defense.
Verbatim
e0“This reduced efficacy was linked to a suppression of the plant’s intrinsic defense system and increased levels of DON.”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced control efficacy was linked to increased DON levels.
Not reportedSetting
Verbatim
e0“This reduced efficacy was linked to a suppression of the plant’s intrinsic defense system and increased levels of DON.”
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fungicide · Fusarium graminearum · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
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- no effect
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See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.