Abstract
Liberibacter asiaticus (Las) in the United States. To date, no effective antimicrobial compound is commercially available to control the disease. In this study, we investigated the effects of different antimicrobial chemicals with suitable surfactants on HLB-affected matured citrus trees with emphasis on the fruit yield and quality. Each treatment was applied three times in a 2-week interval during the spring flush period, one time in summer and three times during the autumn flushing period. We extensively examined different parameters such as pathogenic index, disease index, tree canopy, fruit yield, quality, and nutritional status. The results showed that among the treatments, penicillin (PEN) with surfactant was most effective in suppressing Las titer in infected citrus trees, followed by Fosetyl-Al (ALI), Carvacrol (CARV), and Validamycin (VA). Fruit quality analysis revealed that PEN treatment increased the soluble solids content (SSC), whereas Oxytetracycline (OXY) treatment significantly reduced titratable acidity (TA) level and increased the SSC/TA ratio compared to the control. Nutrient analysis showed increased N and Zn levels in ALI and PEN treatments, and OXY treatment increased leaf P, K, S, and Mg levels compared to untreated control. Furthermore, B, Ca, Cu, Fe, and Mn in leaves were reduced in all chemical treatments than that of the untreated control. These findings revealed that some of the chemical treatments were able to suppress Las pathogen, enhance nutritional status in leaves, and improve tree growth and fruit quality of HLB-affected trees.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Penicillin with surfactant most effectively suppressed Las titer.
- Treatment
- penicillin (PEN) with surfactante0
- Interactor
- Las
Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticuse0pathogen - Outcome
- Las titere0
- Direction
- suppressinge0
CitrusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“penicillin (PEN) with surfactant was most effective in suppressing Las titer in infected citrus trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Fosetyl-Al ranked after penicillin for Las suppression.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by Fosetyl-Al (ALI), Carvacrol (CARV), and Validamycin (VA).”
t0“Citrus Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Carvacrol ranked after Fosetyl-Al for Las suppression.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by Fosetyl-Al (ALI), Carvacrol (CARV), and Validamycin (VA).”
t0“Citrus Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Validamycin ranked after Carvacrol for Las suppression.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by Fosetyl-Al (ALI), Carvacrol (CARV), and Validamycin (VA).”
t0“Citrus Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Penicillin increased fruit soluble solids.
- Organ / stage
- Fruite1
- Treatment
- PEN treatmente0
- Outcome
- soluble solids content (SSC)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PEN treatment increased the soluble solids content (SSC)”
e1“Fruit quality analysis”
t0“Citrus Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxytetracycline reduced titratable acidity relative to control.
- Treatment
- Oxytetracycline (OXY) treatmente0
- Outcome
- titratable acidity (TA) levele0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oxytetracycline (OXY) treatment significantly reduced titratable acidity (TA) level and increased the SSC/TA ratio compared to the control.”
t0“Citrus Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxytetracycline increased the SSC/TA ratio relative to control.
- Treatment
- Oxytetracycline (OXY) treatmente0
- Outcome
- SSC/TA ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oxytetracycline (OXY) treatment significantly reduced titratable acidity (TA) level and increased the SSC/TA ratio compared to the control.”
t0“Citrus Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Fosetyl-Al increased N and Zn levels.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased N and Zn levels in ALI and PEN treatments”
t0“Citrus Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Penicillin increased N and Zn levels.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased N and Zn levels in ALI and PEN treatments”
t0“Citrus Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxytetracycline increased leaf P, K, S and Mg levels.
- Treatment
- OXY treatmente0
- Outcome
- leaf P, K, S, and Mg levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OXY treatment increased leaf P, K, S, and Mg levels compared to untreated control.”
t0“Citrus Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
All chemical treatments reduced leaf B, Ca and Cu.
- Treatment
- all chemical treatmentse0
- Outcome
- B, Ca, Cue0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- the untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B, Ca, Cu, Fe, and Mn in leaves were reduced in all chemical treatments than that of the untreated control.”
t0“Citrus Trees”
Claim · model-written summary
All chemical treatments reduced leaf Fe and Mn.
- Treatment
- all chemical treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Fe, and Mn in leavese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- the untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B, Ca, Cu, Fe, and Mn in leaves were reduced in all chemical treatments than that of the untreated control.”
t0“Citrus Trees”
The same questions in other papers
oxytetracycline · molecular: metabolites · CitrusPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
oxytetracycline · quality: sugar starch · CitrusResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
oxytetracycline · nutrient: content · CitrusResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
penicillin · Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus · CitrusResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.