Abstract
Nano-fertilizers propose new techniques to be used for crop management. Present study investigated the influence of conventional and nano-fertilizers on grain yield and quality of two rice cultivars (Tarom and Shiroudi) in 2016 and 2017. The treatments included 10 nano and/or conventional fertilizers, i.e., control (without fertilizer), conventional nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and NPK and nano-N (nN), nano-P (nP), nano-K (nK), and nano-NPK (nNPK) and its combination (NPK + nNPK). Results showed that application of conventional and nano-fertilizers, particular in NPK, nNPK and its combination (NPK + nNPK) increased the grain yield (11.24–149.78% in Tarom and 16.86–95.85% in Shiroudi cultivars) and milled rice yield (25.33–157.35% in Tarom and 16.05–112.39% in Shiroudi cultivars). Fertilization treatments, especially N, nN, nNPK and NPK + nNPK, improved the grain quality by increasing milling quality (brown, milled and head rice rate), elongation ratio and gelatinization temperature and reduction of gel consistency and amylose content. Between fertilizer forms, application of nN and nNPK significantly increased the grain yield and milled rice yield as compared to their conventional forms (N and NPK). Moreover, quality (milling quality, elongation ratio, gel consistency and amylose content) of rice grains fertilized with nK was higher than that K. However, the highest grain quality was observed in N, nN, nNPK and NPK + nNPK fertilizer, while application of nNPK and NPK + nNPK were more effective on grain and milled rice production. According to the obtained results, application of nNPK can be an effective approach to obtain a balance between rice yield and quality, along with maintaining fertilizers efficiency.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizers increased Tarom grain yield by 11.24–149.78%.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- Tarome0
- Treatment
- conventional and nano-fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11.24–149.78%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“conventional and nano-fertilizers, particular in NPK, nNPK and its combination (NPK + nNPK) increased the grain yield (11.24–149.78% in Tarom and 16.86–95.85% in Shiroudi cultivars)”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizers increased Shiroudi grain yield by 16.86–95.85%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Shiroudie0
- Treatment
- conventional and nano-fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 16.86–95.85%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“conventional and nano-fertilizers, particular in NPK, nNPK and its combination (NPK + nNPK) increased the grain yield (11.24–149.78% in Tarom and 16.86–95.85% in Shiroudi cultivars)”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizers increased Tarom milled rice yield by 25.33–157.35%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Tarome0
- Treatment
- conventional and nano-fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- milled rice yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 25.33–157.35%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“conventional and nano-fertilizers, particular in NPK, nNPK and its combination (NPK + nNPK) increased the grain yield (11.24–149.78% in Tarom and 16.86–95.85% in Shiroudi cultivars) and milled rice yield (25.33–157.35% in Tarom and 16.05–112.39% in Shiroudi cultivars)”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizers increased Shiroudi milled rice yield by 16.05–112.39%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Shiroudie0
- Treatment
- conventional and nano-fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- milled rice yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 16.05–112.39%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“conventional and nano-fertilizers, particular in NPK, nNPK and its combination (NPK + nNPK) increased the grain yield (11.24–149.78% in Tarom and 16.86–95.85% in Shiroudi cultivars) and milled rice yield (25.33–157.35% in Tarom and 16.05–112.39% in Shiroudi cultivars)”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization increased brown, milled and head rice rates.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Fertilization treatmentse0
- Outcome
- brown, milled and head rice ratee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Fertilization treatments, especially N, nN, nNPK and NPK + nNPK, improved the grain quality by increasing milling quality (brown, milled and head rice rate)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization increased rice elongation ratio and gelatinization temperature.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Fertilization treatmentse0
- Outcome
- elongation ratio and gelatinization temperaturee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Fertilization treatments, especially N, nN, nNPK and NPK + nNPK, improved the grain quality by increasing milling quality (brown, milled and head rice rate), elongation ratio and gelatinization temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization reduced rice gel consistency and amylose content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- gel consistency and amylose contente0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“reduction of gel consistency and amylose content”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano nitrogen increased grain yield significantly relative to conventional nitrogen.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“application of nN and nNPK significantly increased the grain yield and milled rice yield as compared to their conventional forms (N and NPK)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano NPK increased grain yield significantly relative to conventional NPK.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“application of nN and nNPK significantly increased the grain yield and milled rice yield as compared to their conventional forms (N and NPK)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano nitrogen increased milled rice yield significantly relative to conventional nitrogen.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“application of nN and nNPK significantly increased the grain yield and milled rice yield as compared to their conventional forms (N and NPK)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano NPK increased milled rice yield significantly relative to conventional NPK.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“application of nN and nNPK significantly increased the grain yield and milled rice yield as compared to their conventional forms (N and NPK)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano potassium improved rice milling quality, elongation ratio, gel consistency and amylose content relative to conventional potassium.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- nKe0
- Outcome
- milling quality, elongation ratio, gel consistency and amylose contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Ke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“quality (milling quality, elongation ratio, gel consistency and amylose content) of rice grains fertilized with nK was higher than that K”
Claim · model-written summary
N, nN, nNPK and NPK + nNPK produced the highest grain quality.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N, nN, nNPK and NPK + nNPKe0
- Outcome
- grain qualitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“the highest grain quality was observed in N, nN, nNPK and NPK + nNPK fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano NPK and combined NPK plus nano NPK were more effective for grain and milled rice production.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- nNPK and NPK + nNPKe0
- Outcome
- grain and milled rice productione0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“application of nNPK and NPK + nNPK were more effective on grain and milled rice production”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend nano NPK to balance rice yield and quality while maintaining fertilizer efficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- nNPKe0
- Outcome
- balance between rice yield and quality, along with maintaining fertilizers efficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“application of nNPK can be an effective approach to obtain a balance between rice yield and quality, along with maintaining fertilizers efficiency”
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