Abstract
BACKGROUND: Nitrogen fertilization is known to increase disease susceptibility, a phenomenon called Nitrogen-Induced Susceptibility (NIS). In rice, this phenomenon has been observed in infections with the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. A previous classical genetic study revealed a locus (NIS1) that enhances susceptibility to rice blast under high nitrogen fertilization. In order to further address the underlying genetics of plasticity in susceptibility to rice blast after fertilization, we analyzed NIS under greenhouse-controlled conditions in a panel of 139 temperate japonica rice strains. A genome-wide association analysis was conducted to identify loci potentially involved in NIS by comparing susceptibility loci identified under high and low nitrogen conditions, an approach allowing for the identification of loci validated across different nitrogen environments. We also used a novel NIS Index to identify loci potentially contributing to plasticity in susceptibility under different nitrogen fertilization regimes. RESULTS: A global NIS effect was observed in the population, with the density of lesions increasing by 8%, on average, under high nitrogen fertilization. Three new QTL, other than NIS1, were identified. A rare allele of the RRobN1 locus on chromosome 6 provides robust resistance in high and low nitrogen environments. A frequent allele of the NIS2 locus, on chromosome 5, exacerbates blast susceptibility under the high nitrogen condition. Finally, an allele of NIS3, on chromosome 10, buffers the increase of susceptibility arising from nitrogen fertilization but increases global levels of susceptibility. This allele is almost fixed in temperate japonicas, as a probable consequence of genetic hitchhiking with a locus involved in cold stress adaptation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results extend to an entire rice subspecies the initial finding that nitrogen increases rice blast susceptibility. We demonstrate the usefulness of estimating plasticity for the identification of novel loci involved in the response of rice to the blast fungus under different nitrogen regimes.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen fertilization increased rice blast lesion density by 8% on average.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- high nitrogen fertilizatione1
- Interactor
- blast fungust0pathogen
- Outcome
- density of lesionse1
- Direction
- increasinge1
- Value
- 8%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice response to blast fungus”
e1“with the density of lesions increasing by 8%, on average, under high nitrogen fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Three new QTL other than NIS1 were identified for rice blast response.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- blast fungust0pathogen
- Outcome
- identifiede2
- Value
- Three new QTLe2
- Qualifier
- other than NIS1e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice response to blast fungus”
e2“Three new QTL, other than NIS1, were identified”
Claim · model-written summary
A rare RRobN1 allele on chromosome 6 gives robust blast resistance under both high and low nitrogen.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- blast fungust0pathogen
- Gene
- RRobN1 locuse3
- Outcome
- robust resistancee3
- Qualifier
- in high and low nitrogen environmentse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice response to blast fungus”
e3“A rare allele of the RRobN1 locus on chromosome 6 provides robust resistance in high and low nitrogen environments”
Claim · model-written summary
A frequent NIS2 allele on chromosome 5 exacerbates blast susceptibility under high nitrogen.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- blast fungust0pathogen
- Gene
- NIS2 locuse4
- Outcome
- blast susceptibilitye4
- Qualifier
- under the high nitrogen conditione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice response to blast fungus”
e4“A frequent allele of the NIS2 locus, on chromosome 5, exacerbates blast susceptibility under the high nitrogen condition”
Claim · model-written summary
A NIS3 allele on chromosome 10 buffers the increase of blast susceptibility caused by nitrogen fertilization.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilizatione5
- Interactor
- blast fungust0pathogen
- Gene
- NIS3e5
- Outcome
- increase of susceptibilitye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice response to blast fungus”
e5“an allele of NIS3, on chromosome 10, buffers the increase of susceptibility arising from nitrogen fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
The NIS3 allele increases global levels of blast susceptibility.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- blast fungust0pathogen
- Gene
- NIS3e6
- Outcome
- global levels of susceptibilitye6
- Direction
- increasese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice response to blast fungus”
e6“an allele of NIS3, on chromosome 10, buffers the increase of susceptibility arising from nitrogen fertilization but increases global levels of susceptibility”
Claim · model-written summary
The NIS3 allele is almost fixed in temperate japonica rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- temperate japonicase7
- Outcome
- almost fixede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice response to blast fungus”
e7“This allele is almost fixed in temperate japonicas”
Claim · model-written summary
Near-fixation of the NIS3 allele in temperate japonica is probably a consequence of genetic hitchhiking with a cold-adaptation locus.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- probable consequencee7
- Qualifier
- genetic hitchhiking with a locus involved in cold stress adaptatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice response to blast fungus”
e7“as a probable consequence of genetic hitchhiking with a locus involved in cold stress adaptation”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · disease · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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