Abstract
Abstract Microalgal polysaccharides (PSs) may be an effective elicitor agent that can efficiently protect plants against biotic stresses. In this study, wee investigates, the effect of PS obtained from microalgae and cyanobacteria ( D. salina MS002, P. tricorontum MS023, Porphyridium sp. MS081, Desmodesmus sp. , D. salina MS067 and A. platensis MS001 ) on the biochemical and metabolomics markers linked to defense pathways in tomato plants. The phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chitinase, 1,3-beta-glucanase and peroxidase (POX) activities have been improved in tomato plants leaves treated by polysaccharides extracted from P. triocnutum (238.26%); Desmodesmus sp. (19.95%); P. triocnutum (137.50%) and Porphyridium sp. (47.28%) respectively. For proteins, polyphenols and H 2 O 2 , the maximum effect was induced by D. salina 067 (55.01%), Porphyridium sp. (3.97%) and A. platensis (35.08%) respectively. On the other hand, Gas Chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) metabolomics analysis showed that PSs induced the modification of metabolite profile involved in the wax construction of tomato leaves, such as fatty acids, alkanes, alkenes and phytosterol. PS treatments improved the accumulation of fatty acids C16:3, C18:2 and C18:3 released from the membrane lipids as precursors of oxylipin biosynthesis which are signaling molecules of plant defense. In addition, PS treatment induced the accumulation of C18:0 and Azelaic acid which is a regulator of salicylic acid-dependent systemic acquired resistance. However, molecular and metabolic studies can determine more precisely the mode of action of microalgal polysaccharides as biostimulants/elicitors plant defense.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Polysaccharides from P. triocnutum improved phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity in tomato leaves by 238.26%
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Material
- P. triocnutume1
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- polysaccharidese1
- Outcome
- phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL)e1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 238.26%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of microalgae polysaccharides as biostimulants of tomato plant defense using metabolomics and biochemical approaches”
e1“The phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chitinase, 1,3-beta-glucanase and peroxidase (POX) activities have been improved in tomato plants leaves treated by polysaccharides extracted from P. triocnutum (238.26%); Desmodesmus sp. (19.95%); P. triocnutum (137.50%) and Porphyridium sp. (47.28%) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Polysaccharides from Desmodesmus sp. improved chitinase activity in tomato leaves by 19.95%
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Desmodesmus sp.e1
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- polysaccharidese1
- Outcome
- chitinasee1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 19.95%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of microalgae polysaccharides as biostimulants of tomato plant defense using metabolomics and biochemical approaches”
e1“The phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chitinase, 1,3-beta-glucanase and peroxidase (POX) activities have been improved in tomato plants leaves treated by polysaccharides extracted from P. triocnutum (238.26%); Desmodesmus sp. (19.95%); P. triocnutum (137.50%) and Porphyridium sp. (47.28%) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Polysaccharides from P. triocnutum improved 1,3-beta-glucanase activity in tomato leaves by 137.50%
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- P. triocnutume1
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- polysaccharidese1
- Outcome
- 1,3-beta-glucanasee1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 137.50%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of microalgae polysaccharides as biostimulants of tomato plant defense using metabolomics and biochemical approaches”
e1“The phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chitinase, 1,3-beta-glucanase and peroxidase (POX) activities have been improved in tomato plants leaves treated by polysaccharides extracted from P. triocnutum (238.26%); Desmodesmus sp. (19.95%); P. triocnutum (137.50%) and Porphyridium sp. (47.28%) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Polysaccharides from Porphyridium sp. improved peroxidase activity in tomato leaves by 47.28%
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Porphyridium sp.e1
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- polysaccharidese1
- Outcome
- peroxidase (POX)e1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 47.28%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of microalgae polysaccharides as biostimulants of tomato plant defense using metabolomics and biochemical approaches”
e1“The phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chitinase, 1,3-beta-glucanase and peroxidase (POX) activities have been improved in tomato plants leaves treated by polysaccharides extracted from P. triocnutum (238.26%); Desmodesmus sp. (19.95%); P. triocnutum (137.50%) and Porphyridium sp. (47.28%) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Polysaccharides from D. salina 067 gave the maximum protein increase of 55.01%
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- D. salina 067e2
- Treatment
- polysaccharidese1
- Outcome
- proteinse2
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- 55.01%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of microalgae polysaccharides as biostimulants of tomato plant defense using metabolomics and biochemical approaches”
e1“The phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chitinase, 1,3-beta-glucanase and peroxidase (POX) activities have been improved in tomato plants leaves treated by polysaccharides extracted from P. triocnutum (238.26%); Desmodesmus sp. (19.95%); P. triocnutum (137.50%) and Porphyridium sp. (47.28%) respectively”
e2“For proteins, polyphenols and H 2 O 2 , the maximum effect was induced by D. salina 067 (55.01%), Porphyridium sp. (3.97%) and A. platensis (35.08%) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Polysaccharides from Porphyridium sp. gave the maximum polyphenol increase of 3.97%
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Porphyridium sp.e2
- Treatment
- polysaccharidese1
- Outcome
- polyphenolse2
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- 3.97%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of microalgae polysaccharides as biostimulants of tomato plant defense using metabolomics and biochemical approaches”
e1“The phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chitinase, 1,3-beta-glucanase and peroxidase (POX) activities have been improved in tomato plants leaves treated by polysaccharides extracted from P. triocnutum (238.26%); Desmodesmus sp. (19.95%); P. triocnutum (137.50%) and Porphyridium sp. (47.28%) respectively”
e2“For proteins, polyphenols and H 2 O 2 , the maximum effect was induced by D. salina 067 (55.01%), Porphyridium sp. (3.97%) and A. platensis (35.08%) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Polysaccharides from A. platensis gave the maximum H2O2 increase of 35.08%
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- A. platensise2
- Treatment
- polysaccharidese1
- Outcome
- H 2 O 2e2
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- 35.08%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of microalgae polysaccharides as biostimulants of tomato plant defense using metabolomics and biochemical approaches”
e1“The phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chitinase, 1,3-beta-glucanase and peroxidase (POX) activities have been improved in tomato plants leaves treated by polysaccharides extracted from P. triocnutum (238.26%); Desmodesmus sp. (19.95%); P. triocnutum (137.50%) and Porphyridium sp. (47.28%) respectively”
e2“For proteins, polyphenols and H 2 O 2 , the maximum effect was induced by D. salina 067 (55.01%), Porphyridium sp. (3.97%) and A. platensis (35.08%) respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Polysaccharides modified the metabolite profile involved in wax construction of tomato leaves
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese3
- Treatment
- PSse3
- Outcome
- metabolite profile involved in the wax construction of tomato leavese3
- Direction
- modificatione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of microalgae polysaccharides as biostimulants of tomato plant defense using metabolomics and biochemical approaches”
e3“PSs induced the modification of metabolite profile involved in the wax construction of tomato leaves, such as fatty acids, alkanes, alkenes and phytosterol”
Claim · model-written summary
Polysaccharide treatments improved accumulation of fatty acids C16:3, C18:2 and C18:3
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PS treatmentse4
- Outcome
- accumulation of fatty acids C16:3, C18:2 and C18:3e4
- Direction
- improvede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of microalgae polysaccharides as biostimulants of tomato plant defense using metabolomics and biochemical approaches”
e4“PS treatments improved the accumulation of fatty acids C16:3, C18:2 and C18:3 released from the membrane lipids as precursors of oxylipin biosynthesis which are signaling molecules of plant defense”
Claim · model-written summary
Fatty acids released from membrane lipids are precursors of oxylipin biosynthesis that signal tomato defence
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- oxylipin biosynthesise4
- Qualifier
- C16:3, C18:2 and C18:3 released from the membrane lipidse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of microalgae polysaccharides as biostimulants of tomato plant defense using metabolomics and biochemical approaches”
e4“PS treatments improved the accumulation of fatty acids C16:3, C18:2 and C18:3 released from the membrane lipids as precursors of oxylipin biosynthesis which are signaling molecules of plant defense”
Claim · model-written summary
Polysaccharide treatment induced accumulation of C18:0 and azelaic acid
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- PS treatmente5
- Outcome
- accumulation of C18:0 and Azelaic acide5
- Direction
- inducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of microalgae polysaccharides as biostimulants of tomato plant defense using metabolomics and biochemical approaches”
e5“PS treatment induced the accumulation of C18:0 and Azelaic acid which is a regulator of salicylic acid-dependent systemic acquired resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Azelaic acid regulates salicylic acid-dependent systemic acquired resistance
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Compound
- Azelaic acide5
- Outcome
- salicylic acid-dependent systemic acquired resistancee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Evaluation of microalgae polysaccharides as biostimulants of tomato plant defense using metabolomics and biochemical approaches”
e5“PS treatment induced the accumulation of C18:0 and Azelaic acid which is a regulator of salicylic acid-dependent systemic acquired resistance”
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