Abstract
Our previous studies showed that exogenous glutathione (GSH) decreased cadmium (Cd) concentration in shoots and alleviated the growth inhibition in pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) under Cd stress. Nevertheless, it is largely unknown how GSH decreases Cd accumulation in edible parts of pakchoi. This experiment mainly explored the mechanisms of GSH-induced reduction of Cd accumulation in shoot of pakchoi. The results showed that compared with sole Cd treatment, Cd + GSH treatment remarkably increased the expression of BcIRT1 and BcIRT2, and further enhanced the concentrations of Cd and Fe in root. By contrast, GSH application declined the concentration of Cd in the xylem sap. However, these results were not caused by xylem loading process because the expression of BcHMA2 and BcHMA4 had not significant difference between sole Cd treatment and Cd + GSH treatment. In addition, exogenous GSH significantly enhanced the expression of BcPCS1 and promoted the synthesis of PC2, PC3 and PC4 under Cd stress. At the same time, exogenous GSH also significantly improved the expression of BcABCC1 and BcABCC2 in the roots of seedling under Cd stress, suggesting that more PCs-Cd complexes may be sequestrated into vacuoles by ABCC1 and ABCC2 transporters. The results showed that exogenous GSH could up-regulate the expression of BcIRT1/2 to increase the Cd accumulation in root, and the improvement of PCs contents and the expression of BcABCC1/2 enhanced the compartmentalization of Cd in root vacuole of pakchoi under Cd stress. To sum up, exogenous GSH reduce the concentration of free Cd2+ in the cytoplast of root cells and then dropped the loading of Cd into the xylem, which eventually given rise to the reduction of Cd accumulation in edible portion of pakchoi.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
GSH increased root BcIRT1 expression under Cd stress.
Verbatim
e0“compared with sole Cd treatment, Cd + GSH treatment remarkably increased the expression of BcIRT1 and BcIRT2, and further enhanced the concentrations of Cd and Fe in root.”
t0“pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
GSH increased root BcIRT2 expression under Cd stress.
Verbatim
e0“compared with sole Cd treatment, Cd + GSH treatment remarkably increased the expression of BcIRT1 and BcIRT2, and further enhanced the concentrations of Cd and Fe in root.”
t0“pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
GSH enhanced root Cd concentration relative to Cd alone.
Verbatim
e0“compared with sole Cd treatment, Cd + GSH treatment remarkably increased the expression of BcIRT1 and BcIRT2, and further enhanced the concentrations of Cd and Fe in root.”
t0“pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
GSH enhanced root Fe concentration relative to Cd alone.
Verbatim
e0“compared with sole Cd treatment, Cd + GSH treatment remarkably increased the expression of BcIRT1 and BcIRT2, and further enhanced the concentrations of Cd and Fe in root.”
t0“pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
GSH lowered Cd concentration in xylem sap.
- Taxon
- pakchoit0
- Treatment
- GSH applicatione0
- Outcome
- concentration of Cd in the xylem sape0
- Direction
- declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“GSH application declined the concentration of Cd in the xylem sap.”
t0“pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
BcHMA2 expression did not differ significantly between Cd and Cd plus GSH.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of BcHMA2 and BcHMA4 had not significant difference between sole Cd treatment and Cd + GSH treatment.”
t0“pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
BcHMA4 expression did not differ significantly between Cd and Cd plus GSH.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of BcHMA2 and BcHMA4 had not significant difference between sole Cd treatment and Cd + GSH treatment.”
t0“pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
GSH enhanced BcPCS1 expression under Cd stress.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“exogenous GSH significantly enhanced the expression of BcPCS1 and promoted the synthesis of PC2, PC3 and PC4 under Cd stress.”
t0“pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
GSH promoted synthesis of PC2, PC3 and PC4 under Cd stress.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“exogenous GSH significantly enhanced the expression of BcPCS1 and promoted the synthesis of PC2, PC3 and PC4 under Cd stress.”
t0“pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
GSH increased BcABCC1 expression in seedling roots under Cd stress.
- Taxon
- pakchoit0
- Organ / stage
- roots of seedlinge0
- Treatment
- exogenous GSHe0
- Gene
- BcABCC1e0
- Outcome
- expression of BcABCC1e0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“exogenous GSH also significantly improved the expression of BcABCC1 and BcABCC2 in the roots of seedling under Cd stress”
t0“pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
GSH increased BcABCC2 expression in seedling roots under Cd stress.
- Taxon
- pakchoit0
- Organ / stage
- roots of seedlinge0
- Treatment
- exogenous GSHe0
- Gene
- BcABCC2e0
- Outcome
- expression of BcABCC1 and BcABCC2e0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“exogenous GSH also significantly improved the expression of BcABCC1 and BcABCC2 in the roots of seedling under Cd stress”
t0“pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose increased vacuolar sequestration of PC–Cd complexes by ABCC1 and ABCC2.
Verbatim
e0“more PCs-Cd complexes may be sequestrated into vacuoles by ABCC1 and ABCC2 transporters.”
t0“pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors link GSH-induced BcIRT1/2 expression to increased root Cd accumulation.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous GSH could up-regulate the expression of BcIRT1/2 to increase the Cd accumulation in root”
t0“pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher PC contents and BcABCC1/2 expression enhanced vacuolar Cd compartmentalization.
Verbatim
e0“the improvement of PCs contents and the expression of BcABCC1/2 enhanced the compartmentalization of Cd in root vacuole of pakchoi under Cd stress.”
t0“pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude GSH lowers free Cd2+ in root cell cytoplasm.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous GSH reduce the concentration of free Cd2+ in the cytoplast of root cells and then dropped the loading of Cd into the xylem, which eventually given rise to the reduction of Cd accumulation in edible portion of pakchoi.”
t0“pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude GSH lowers xylem Cd loading.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous GSH reduce the concentration of free Cd2+ in the cytoplast of root cells and then dropped the loading of Cd into the xylem, which eventually given rise to the reduction of Cd accumulation in edible portion of pakchoi.”
t0“pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude GSH reduces Cd accumulation in edible pakchoi tissue.
Verbatim
e0“exogenous GSH reduce the concentration of free Cd2+ in the cytoplast of root cells and then dropped the loading of Cd into the xylem, which eventually given rise to the reduction of Cd accumulation in edible portion of pakchoi.”
t0“pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.