Abstract
In Nepal and elsewhere in the Indo-Gangetic plains where rice-wheat is a major crop rotation, interest in conservation practices such as direct-seeding of rice on zero-tilled soil and retention of crop residue is increasing. However, the use of herbicide is increasing in the region due to a shortage of labor and its ease of operation compared to manual weeding. This field experiment was conducted to identify the response of rice to tillage and planting systems, level of wheat residue retention and weed managements under rice-wheat cropping system. This study was conducted during three growing seasons of rice (June through November) in 2014, 2015 and 2016 at the National Wheat Research Program (NWRP), Rupandehi, Nepal. The experiment was conducted in a split-split plot design. Tillage and planting systems were the main plots where rice was either transplanted on puddled field managed with conventional tillage (CT) or direct seeded on zero till (ZT) soil. The level of residue retention was the sub-plot which included three levels of residue retention as whole (WR), partial (PR) or no (NR) retention. Forms of weed management were the sub-sub plots with manual weeding (MW) compared with chemical weeding (CW) through the application of bispyribac-sodium. Each treatment combination consisted of three replicated units. Averaged across the years, grain yield of rice under the CT system (4.8 t ha−1) was significantly higher than ZT (4.4 t ha−1). Increased level of wheat residue retention increased grain yield consistently in all three years. Grain yield was not influenced by systems of weed management. The following conclusions were drawn from the results: (i) rice grain yield might decrease under a direct-seeded ZT system more than the conventional system, (ii) wheat residue retained in the field can increase rice grain yield significantly, and (iii) application of bispyribac-sodium could be equally effective as manual weeding for weed control in both tillage/planting systems of rice.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage yielded 4.8 t ha−1 of rice grain, significantly more than zero tillage at 4.4 t ha−1.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- CT systeme0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4.8 t ha−1e0
- Qualifier
- 4.4 t ha−1e0
- Comparator
- ZTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Averaged across the years, grain yield of rice under the CT system (4.8 t ha−1) was significantly higher than ZT (4.4 t ha−1).”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing wheat residue retention consistently increased rice grain yield in all three years.
- Treatment
- Increased level of wheat residue retentione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- all three yearse0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Increased level of wheat residue retention increased grain yield consistently in all three years.”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed management system did not influence rice grain yield.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield was not influenced by systems of weed management.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude direct-seeded zero tillage may decrease rice grain yield relative to conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- direct-seeded ZT systeme0
- Outcome
- rice grain yield might decrease under a direct-seeded ZT systeme0
- Comparator
- conventional systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice grain yield might decrease under a direct-seeded ZT system more than the conventional system”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude retaining wheat residue can significantly increase rice grain yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- wheat residue retained in the fielde0
- Outcome
- increase rice grain yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat residue retained in the field can increase rice grain yield significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude bispyribac-sodium may be as effective as manual weeding for weed control in both rice planting systems.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- application of bispyribac-sodiume0
- Outcome
- equally effective as manual weeding for weed controle0
- Comparator
- manual weedinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of bispyribac-sodium could be equally effective as manual weeding for weed control in both tillage/planting systems of rice”
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