Abstract
The use of synthetic pesticides in vegetables is burgeoning these days. A field experiment was conducted in the Horticulture Farm of Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan, Nepal from March to June 2019 to evaluate the effect of bio-pesticides, mulching materials, and synthetic pesticides in the management of okra jassid (Amrasca biguttula biguttula). The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The treatment consisted of three insecticides (Chloropyriphos 50% + Cypermethrin 5% EC (3 ml/liter), Neem oil 1% EC (2 ml/liter) and Trichoderma (2 gm/liter) and four mulching materials (silver plastic, black plastic, wheat straw, and bare soil). The best performance was recorded in the synthetics treated plots with the lowest jassid population (14.11/5 leaves) followed by Trichoderma spp. (16.37/5 leaves) and Neem oil (17.96/5 leaves). Similarly, the synthetic was found statistically superior in the reduction of jassid population (45–62%). However, the synthetics and Trichoderma spp. treated plots had a statistically similar yield, 20.11 t/ha, and 18.68 t/ha, respectively. Silver plastic was found efficient for jassid (14.01/5 leaves) management, higher fruit yield (25.36 t/ha), pod length (27.37 cm), and pod diameter (7.05 cm). The interaction of silver plastic mulch and the synthetics provided the highest yield (27.74 t/ha) which was statistically similar to the combination of Trichoderma and silver plastic mulch (27.27 t/ha). Results from this experiment suggest that the application of Trichoderma spp. in combination with silver plastic mulch could be recommended for maximum and healthy okra production and effectively substitutes the use of synthetics.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Synthetic insecticide plots had the lowest jassid population, 14.11 per five leaves.
- Taxon
- okra
.jpg?width=60)
Abelmoschus esculentust0 - Treatment
- syntheticse0
- Interactor
- Amrasca biguttula biguttulaAmrasca biguttula biguttulat0peste0
- Outcome
- jassid populatione0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 14.11/5 leavese0
- Comparator
- Trichoderma spp.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The best performance was recorded in the synthetics treated plots with the lowest jassid population (14.11/5 leaves) followed by Trichoderma spp. (16.37/5 leaves) and Neem oil (17.96/5 leaves)”
t0“Okra Jassids Amrasca biguttula biguttula”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma plots had 16.37 jassids per five leaves.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma spp.e0
- Interactor
- Amrasca biguttula biguttulaAmrasca biguttula biguttulat0peste0
- Second interactor
- Trichoderma spp.
Trichodermae0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- jassid populatione0
- Value
- 16.37/5 leavese0
- Comparator
- syntheticse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The best performance was recorded in the synthetics treated plots with the lowest jassid population (14.11/5 leaves) followed by Trichoderma spp. (16.37/5 leaves) and Neem oil (17.96/5 leaves)”
t0“Okra Jassids Amrasca biguttula biguttula”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem oil plots had 17.96 jassids per five leaves.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- Neem oile0
- Interactor
- Amrasca biguttula biguttulaAmrasca biguttula biguttulat0peste0
- Outcome
- jassid populatione0
- Value
- 17.96/5 leavese0
- Comparator
- syntheticse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The best performance was recorded in the synthetics treated plots with the lowest jassid population (14.11/5 leaves) followed by Trichoderma spp. (16.37/5 leaves) and Neem oil (17.96/5 leaves)”
t0“Okra Jassids Amrasca biguttula biguttula”
Claim · model-written summary
Synthetic insecticide reduced jassid population by 45–62% and was statistically superior.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- the synthetice0
- Interactor
- Amrasca biguttula biguttulaAmrasca biguttula biguttulat0peste0
- Outcome
- jassid populatione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 45–62%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the synthetic was found statistically superior in the reduction of jassid population (45–62%)”
t0“Okra Jassids Amrasca biguttula biguttula”
Claim · model-written summary
Synthetic-treated okra yielded 20.11 t/ha, statistically similar to Trichoderma-treated plots.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- syntheticse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- similare0
- Value
- 20.11 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- 18.68 t/hae0
- Comparator
- Trichoderma spp.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the synthetics and Trichoderma spp. treated plots had a statistically similar yield, 20.11 t/ha, and 18.68 t/ha, respectively”
t0“Okra Jassids Amrasca biguttula biguttula”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma-treated okra yielded 18.68 t/ha, statistically similar to synthetic-treated plots.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma spp.e0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma spp.Trichodermae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- similare0
- Value
- 18.68 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- 20.11 t/hae0
- Comparator
- syntheticse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the synthetics and Trichoderma spp. treated plots had a statistically similar yield, 20.11 t/ha, and 18.68 t/ha, respectively”
t0“Okra Jassids Amrasca biguttula biguttula”
Claim · model-written summary
Silver plastic mulch reduced jassid population to 14.01 per five leaves.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- Silver plastice0
- Interactor
- Amrasca biguttula biguttulaAmrasca biguttula biguttulat0peste0
- Outcome
- jasside0
- Direction
- efficiente0
- Value
- 14.01/5 leavese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silver plastic was found efficient for jassid (14.01/5 leaves) management, higher fruit yield (25.36 t/ha), pod length (27.37 cm), and pod diameter (7.05 cm)”
t0“Okra Jassids Amrasca biguttula biguttula”
Claim · model-written summary
Silver plastic mulch increased okra fruit yield to 25.36 t/ha.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- Silver plastice0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 25.36 t/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silver plastic was found efficient for jassid (14.01/5 leaves) management, higher fruit yield (25.36 t/ha), pod length (27.37 cm), and pod diameter (7.05 cm)”
t0“Okra Jassids Amrasca biguttula biguttula”
Claim · model-written summary
Silver plastic mulch produced okra pod length of 27.37 cm.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- Silver plastice0
- Outcome
- pod lengthe0
- Value
- 27.37 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silver plastic was found efficient for jassid (14.01/5 leaves) management, higher fruit yield (25.36 t/ha), pod length (27.37 cm), and pod diameter (7.05 cm)”
t0“Okra Jassids Amrasca biguttula biguttula”
Claim · model-written summary
Silver plastic mulch produced okra pod diameter of 7.05 cm.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- Silver plastice0
- Outcome
- pod diametere0
- Value
- 7.05 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Silver plastic was found efficient for jassid (14.01/5 leaves) management, higher fruit yield (25.36 t/ha), pod length (27.37 cm), and pod diameter (7.05 cm)”
t0“Okra Jassids Amrasca biguttula biguttula”
Claim · model-written summary
Silver plastic plus synthetics gave the highest yield, 27.74 t/ha.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- silver plastic mulch and the syntheticse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 27.74 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- 27.27 t/hae0
- Comparator
- Trichoderma and silver plastic mulche0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction of silver plastic mulch and the synthetics provided the highest yield (27.74 t/ha) which was statistically similar to the combination of Trichoderma and silver plastic mulch (27.27 t/ha)”
t0“Okra Jassids Amrasca biguttula biguttula”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma plus silver plastic yielded 27.27 t/ha, statistically similar to synthetics plus silver plastic.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma and silver plastic mulche0
- Interactor
- TrichodermaTrichodermae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- similare0
- Value
- 27.27 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- 27.74 t/hae0
- Comparator
- silver plastic mulch and the syntheticse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction of silver plastic mulch and the synthetics provided the highest yield (27.74 t/ha) which was statistically similar to the combination of Trichoderma and silver plastic mulch (27.27 t/ha)”
t0“Okra Jassids Amrasca biguttula biguttula”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend Trichoderma spp. with silver plastic mulch for maximum healthy okra production as a substitute for synthetics.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma spp.Trichodermae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- application of Trichoderma spp. in combination with silver plastic mulche0
- Comparator
- syntheticse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of Trichoderma spp. in combination with silver plastic mulch could be recommended for maximum and healthy okra production and effectively substitutes the use of synthetics”
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silver atom · yield · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
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See all 68 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.