Abstract
The soil nitrogen (N) availability and urease activity (UA) in a humid ecosystem with variable rainfall distribution and poor soil fertility are not well understood. A complete appreciation of N cycling in the soil–water–plant continuum is needed to better manage N and water in regions that will be strongly affected by climate change. A sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) study located in Florence, South Carolina, USA, was conducted using a variable-rate pivot system. We hypothesized that supplemental irrigation (SI) and N would enhance UA and N uptake while minimizing the concentration of N in porewater (TINW). The aim of the study was to assess the impact of SI (0, 50, and 100%) and N fertilization (0, 85, and 170 kg N ha−1) on: UA; total N (TNS); total inorganic N (TINS); TINW; and N uptake of sorghum. Results support our research hypothesis. The greatest UA was from 0% SI and 170 kg ha−1 (18.7 µg N g−1 ha−1). Porewater N (mg L−1), when averaged across SI and N showed a significantly lower concentration at lower soil depth (9.9 ± 0.7) than the upper depth (26.1 ± 2.4). The 100% SI had the greatest biomass N uptake (NUPB) of 67.9 ± 31.1 kg ha−1 and grain N uptake (NUG) of 52.7 ± 20.5 kg ha−1. The greatest NUPB (70.9 ± 30.3 kg ha−1) and NUG (55.3 ± 16.5 kg ha−1) was from the application of 170 kg N ha−1. Overall, results showed that proper use of water and N enhanced soil N dynamics, and improved biomass productivity and N uptake of sorghum.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Zero supplemental irrigation with 170 kg ha−1 nitrogen gave the greatest soil urease activity.
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest UA was from 0% SI and 170 kg ha−1 (18.7 µg N g−1 ha−1).”
t0“Sorghum Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Porewater nitrogen concentration was lower at lower than upper soil depth.
- Outcome
- Porewater Ne0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 9.9 ± 0.7e0
- Qualifier
- 26.1 ± 2.4e0
- Comparator
- upper depthe0
- Setting
- lower soil depthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Porewater N (mg L−1), when averaged across SI and N showed a significantly lower concentration at lower soil depth (9.9 ± 0.7) than the upper depth (26.1 ± 2.4).”
t0“Sorghum Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Full supplemental irrigation yielded greatest biomass nitrogen uptake.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 100% SI had the greatest biomass N uptake (NUPB) of 67.9 ± 31.1 kg ha−1”
t0“Sorghum Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Full supplemental irrigation yielded greatest grain nitrogen uptake.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 100% SI had the greatest biomass N uptake (NUPB) of 67.9 ± 31.1 kg ha−1 and grain N uptake (NUG) of 52.7 ± 20.5 kg ha−1.”
t0“Sorghum Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 170 kg N ha−1 gave greatest biomass nitrogen uptake.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest NUPB (70.9 ± 30.3 kg ha−1) and NUG (55.3 ± 16.5 kg ha−1) was from the application of 170 kg N ha−1.”
t0“Sorghum Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 170 kg N ha−1 gave greatest grain nitrogen uptake.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest NUPB (70.9 ± 30.3 kg ha−1) and NUG (55.3 ± 16.5 kg ha−1) was from the application of 170 kg N ha−1.”
t0“Sorghum Production”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude appropriate water and nitrogen improved soil N dynamics, biomass productivity and sorghum N uptake.
- Treatment
- proper use of water and Ne0
- Outcome
- soil N dynamics, and improved biomass productivity and N uptakee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“proper use of water and N enhanced soil N dynamics, and improved biomass productivity and N uptake of sorghum.”
t0“Sorghum Production”
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