Abstract
Glyphosate is a non-selective, broad spectrum and systemic weedicide and cannot be sprayed directly on crop without protective mechanism. Application of glyphosate at early stage of weed growth requires minimal dose. Higher dose also could be used by employing protective mechanism to crop plants. Glyphosate phytotoxicity could be reduced by pre-conditioning of plants by chemicals. Keeping the above facts in view, this experiment this experiment was conducted during 2013-14 at Central Institute for Cotton Research, Coimbatore with objective to assess glyphosate based weed control in cotton by achieving crop selectivity for glyphosate. Higher rate of crop phytotoxicity grade of 2.5 and 2.0 were registered by application of 2.5 ml/L of glyphosate along with 0.625 ml/L of Quizalofop ethyl at 20 and 40 DAS without protective mechanism (T6). The same treatment, with pre conditioned application of NiCl @0.01% on crop plants two days before application of glyphosate combination observed less phytotoxicity grade of 1.25 for both 20 and 40 DAS (T8). The significantly least weed DMP was estimated with application of glyphosate @ 5 ml/L at 20 and 40 DAS with protective mechanism(T9). Manual weeding at 20 and 40 DAS (T2) had registered significantly the highest seed cotton yield (2087kg/ha). The results was on par with application of glyphosate @ 5 ml/L at 20 and 40 DAS with protective mechanism (T9) and also comparable with glyphosate @ 2.5 ml/L with 0.625 ml/L of quizalofop ethyl at 20 and 40 DAS with protective mechanism/ pre conditioned by application of NiCl on crop plants ( T7 & T8). Application of Glyphosate @5.0 ml/L at 20 & 40 DAS with protective mechanism registered the significantly highest net return (Rs. 61, 875/ ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.56).
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-conditioning cotton with NiCl reduced phytotoxicity of the glyphosate and quizalofop combination to grade 1.25 at 20 and 40 DAS, compared with no protection.
- Taxon
- Gossypium hirsutum
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- pre conditioned application of NiCl @0.01% on crop plantse2
- Outcome
- phytotoxicity gradee2
- Direction
- lesse2
- Value
- 1.25e2
- Comparator
- without protective mechanisme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Higher rate of crop phytotoxicity grade of 2.5 and 2.0 were registered by application of 2.5 ml/L of glyphosate along with 0.625 ml/L of Quizalofop ethyl at 20 and 40 DAS without protective mechanism (T6)”
e2“The same treatment, with pre conditioned application of NiCl @0.01% on crop plants two days before application of glyphosate combination observed less phytotoxicity grade of 1.25 for both 20 and 40 DAS (T8)”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate with quizalofop at 2.5 and 0.625 ml/L without protection caused phytotoxicity grades of 2.5 and 2.0 at 20 and 40 DAS in cotton.
- Taxon
- Gossypium hirsutumGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- 2.5 ml/L of glyphosate along with 0.625 ml/L of Quizalofop ethyle1
- Outcome
- phytotoxicity gradee1
- Direction
- Higher ratee1
- Value
- 2.5 and 2.0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Higher rate of crop phytotoxicity grade of 2.5 and 2.0 were registered by application of 2.5 ml/L of glyphosate along with 0.625 ml/L of Quizalofop ethyl at 20 and 40 DAS without protective mechanism (T6)”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate at 5 ml/L with protection at 20 and 40 DAS gave the least weed dry matter production in cotton.
- Taxon
- Gossypium hirsutumGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- glyphosate @ 5 ml/L at 20 and 40 DAS with protective mechanisme3
- Interactor
- weede3weed
- Outcome
- weed DMPe3
- Direction
- leaste3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The significantly least weed DMP was estimated with application of glyphosate @ 5 ml/L at 20 and 40 DAS with protective mechanism(T9)”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L)”
Claim · model-written summary
Manual weeding at 20 and 40 DAS gave the highest seed cotton yield, 2087 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- Gossypium hirsutumGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Manual weeding at 20 and 40 DASe4
- Outcome
- seed cotton yielde4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 2087kg/hae4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Manual weeding at 20 and 40 DAS (T2) had registered significantly the highest seed cotton yield (2087kg/ha)”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate at 5 ml/L with protection gave seed cotton yield on par with manual weeding.
- Taxon
- Gossypium hirsutumGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- glyphosate @ 5 ml/L at 20 and 40 DAS with protective mechanism (T9)e5
- Outcome
- seed cotton yielde4
- Direction
- on pare5
- Comparator
- Manual weeding at 20 and 40 DAS (T2)e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The results was on par with application of glyphosate @ 5 ml/L at 20 and 40 DAS with protective mechanism (T9)”
e4“Manual weeding at 20 and 40 DAS (T2) had registered significantly the highest seed cotton yield (2087kg/ha)”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate at 2.5 ml/L with quizalofop gave seed cotton yield comparable to manual weeding.
- Taxon
- Gossypium hirsutumGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- glyphosate @ 2.5 ml/L with 0.625 ml/L of quizalofop ethyle5
- Outcome
- seed cotton yielde4
- Direction
- comparablee5
- Comparator
- Manual weeding at 20 and 40 DAS (T2)e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“and also comparable with glyphosate @ 2.5 ml/L with 0.625 ml/L of quizalofop ethyl at 20 and 40 DAS”
e4“Manual weeding at 20 and 40 DAS (T2) had registered significantly the highest seed cotton yield (2087kg/ha)”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate at 5.0 ml/L with protection gave the highest net return, Rs. 61,875/ha.
- Taxon
- Gossypium hirsutumGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Glyphosate @5.0 ml/L at 20 & 40 DAS with protective mechanisme6
- Outcome
- net returne6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- Rs. 61, 875/ hae6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Application of Glyphosate @5.0 ml/L at 20 & 40 DAS with protective mechanism registered the significantly highest net return (Rs. 61, 875/ ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.56)”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate at 5.0 ml/L with protection gave the highest benefit cost ratio, 2.56.
- Taxon
- Gossypium hirsutumGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Glyphosate @5.0 ml/L at 20 & 40 DAS with protective mechanisme6
- Outcome
- benefit cost ratioe6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- 2.56e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Application of Glyphosate @5.0 ml/L at 20 & 40 DAS with protective mechanism registered the significantly highest net return (Rs. 61, 875/ ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.56)”
t0“cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L)”
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