Abstract
Abstract The absorption of foliar fertilizer is a complex process and is poorly understood. The ability to visualize and quantify the pathway that elements take following their application to leaf surfaces is critical for understanding the science and for practical applications of foliar fertilizers. By the use of synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence to analyze the in vivo localization of elements, our study aimed to investigate the penetration of foliar-applied Zn absorbed by apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) leaves with different physiological surface properties, as well as the possible interactions between foliar Zn level and the mineral nutrient status of treated leaves. The results indicate that the absorption of foliar-applied Zn was largely dependent on plant leaf surface characteristics. High-resolution elemental maps revealed that the high binding capacity of the cell wall for Zn contributed to the observed limitation of Zn penetration across epidermal cells. Trichome density and stomatal aperture had opposite effects on Zn fertilizer penetration: a relatively high density of trichomes increased the hydrophobicity of leaves, whereas the presence of stomata facilitated foliar Zn penetration. Low levels of Zn promoted the accumulation of other mineral elements in treated leaves, and the complexation of Zn with phytic acid potentially occurred owing to exposure to high-Zn conditions. The present study provides direct visual evidence for the Zn penetration process across the leaf surface, which is important for the development of strategies for Zn biofortification in crop species.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc absorption depended on leaf surface characteristics.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Organ / stage
- leaf surfacee0
- Outcome
- absorption of foliar-applied Zne0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“absorption of foliar-applied Zn was largely dependent on plant leaf surface characteristics”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Cell-wall zinc binding limited zinc penetration across epidermal cells.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- cell walle0
- Outcome
- limitation of Zn penetration across epidermal cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high binding capacity of the cell wall for Zn contributed to the observed limitation of Zn penetration across epidermal cells”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
High trichome density increased leaf hydrophobicity.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- trichomese0
- Outcome
- hydrophobicity of leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a relatively high density of trichomes increased the hydrophobicity of leaves”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomata facilitated foliar zinc penetration.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- stomatae0
- Outcome
- foliar Zn penetratione0
- Direction
- facilitatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the presence of stomata facilitated foliar Zn penetration”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Low zinc levels promoted accumulation of other minerals.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Low levels of Zne0
- Outcome
- accumulation of other mineral elementse0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low levels of Zn promoted the accumulation of other mineral elements in treated leaves”
t0“apple”
Claim · model-written summary
High zinc exposure may have caused zinc complexation with phytic acid.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- high-Zn conditionse0
- Outcome
- complexation of Zn with phytic acide0
- Qualifier
- potentiallye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“complexation of Zn with phytic acid potentially occurred owing to exposure to high-Zn conditions”
t0“apple”
The same questions in other papers
zinc atom · molecular: metabolites · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.