Abstract
Abstract Reckless use of herbicides like butachlor (Buta) in the fields represents a serious threat to crop plants, and hence to their productivity. Silicon (Si) is well known for its implication in the alleviation of the effects of abiotic stresses; however, its role in mitigating Buta toxicity is not yet known. Therefore, this study was carried out to explore the role of Si (10 µM) in regulating Buta (4 µM) toxicity in rice seedlings. Buta reduced growth and photosynthesis, altered nitric oxide (NO) level and leaf and root anatomy, inhibited enzyme activities of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle (while transcripts of associated enzymes, increased except OsMDHAR ), as well as its metabolites (ascorbate and glutathione) and uptake of nutrients (Mg, P, K, S, Ca, Fe, etc. except Na), while addition of Si reversed Buta-induced alterations. Buta stimulated the expression of Si channel and efflux transporter genes- Lsi1 and Lsi2 while the addition of Si further greatly induced their expression under Buta toxicity. Buta increased free proline accumulation by inducing the activity of Δ 1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) and decreasing proline dehydrogenase (PDH) activity, while Si reversed these effects caused by Buta. Our results suggest that Si-governed mitigation of Buta toxicity is linked with favorable modifications in energy flux parameters of photosynthesis and leaf and root anatomy, up-regulation of Si channel and transporter genes, ascorbate-glutathione cycle and nutrient uptake, and lowering in oxidative stress. We additionally demonstrate that NO might have a crucial role in these responses.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Butachlor reduced rice seedling growth.
- Taxon
- rice seedlings
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Butae0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Buta reduced growth and photosynthesis”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Butachlor reduced photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Butae0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Buta reduced growth and photosynthesis”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Butachlor altered nitric oxide levels and leaf and root anatomy.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- butachlort0
- Outcome
- nitric oxide (NO) level and leaf and root anatomye0
- Direction
- alterede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“altered nitric oxide (NO) level and leaf and root anatomy”
t0“butachlor toxicity in rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Butachlor inhibited activities of ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- butachlort0
- Outcome
- enzyme activities of the ascorbate-glutathione cyclee0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inhibited enzyme activities of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle”
t0“butachlor toxicity in rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Butachlor increased transcripts of associated enzymes except OsMDHAR.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- butachlort0
- Outcome
- transcripts of associated enzymese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- except OsMDHARe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transcripts of associated enzymes, increased except OsMDHAR”
t0“butachlor toxicity in rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Butachlor reduced ascorbate and glutathione metabolites.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- butachlort0
- Outcome
- metabolites (ascorbate and glutathione)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as well as its metabolites (ascorbate and glutathione) and uptake of nutrients (Mg, P, K, S, Ca, Fe, etc. except Na)”
t0“butachlor toxicity in rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Butachlor inhibited uptake of Mg, P, K, S, Ca and Fe, with Na excepted.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- butachlort0
- Outcome
- uptake of nutrients (Mg, P, K, S, Ca, Fe, etc. except Na)e0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inhibited enzyme activities of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle (while transcripts of associated enzymes, increased except OsMDHAR ), as well as its metabolites (ascorbate and glutathione) and uptake of nutrients (Mg, P, K, S, Ca, Fe, etc. except Na)”
t0“butachlor toxicity in rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon reversed butachlor-induced alterations.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- addition of Sie0
- Outcome
- Buta-induced alterationse0
- Direction
- reversede0
- Comparator
- Buta-induced alterationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while addition of Si reversed Buta-induced alterations”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Butachlor stimulated Lsi1 expression.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Buta stimulated the expression of Si channel and efflux transporter genes- Lsi1 and Lsi2”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Butachlor stimulated Lsi2 expression.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Buta stimulated the expression of Si channel and efflux transporter genes- Lsi1 and Lsi2”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon further induced Lsi1 and Lsi2 expression under butachlor toxicity.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- addition of Sie0
- Outcome
- their expressione0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Comparator
- Buta toxicitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“addition of Si further greatly induced their expression under Buta toxicity”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Butachlor increased free proline accumulation.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Butae0
- Outcome
- free proline accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Buta increased free proline accumulation by inducing the activity of Δ 1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) and decreasing proline dehydrogenase (PDH) activity”
t0“rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Butachlor induced P5CS activity.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- butachlort0
- Gene
- Δ 1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS)e0
- Outcome
- activitye0
- Direction
- inducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inducing the activity of Δ 1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) and decreasing proline dehydrogenase (PDH) activity”
t0“butachlor toxicity in rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Butachlor decreased PDH activity.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- butachlort0
- Gene
- proline dehydrogenase (PDH)e0
- Outcome
- activitye0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreasing proline dehydrogenase (PDH) activity”
t0“butachlor toxicity in rice seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon reversed butachlor effects on proline accumulation and enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Sie0
- Outcome
- these effectse0
- Direction
- reversede0
- Comparator
- Butae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while Si reversed these effects caused by Buta”
t0“rice seedlings”
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See all 26 papers →butachlor · physiology: water · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.