Abstract
The combined inoculation of Rhizobium (R. tropici+R. freirei), Azospirillum brasilense, and Anabaena cylindrica, a diazotrophic cyanobacterium, is a technology that has not yet been tested and established in the production of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The inoculation may be a promising strategy for increasing crop productivity by combining the benefits of biological nitrogen fixation with the production of plant growth phytohormones. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the co-inoculation of Rhizobium, Azospirillum brasilense, and Anabaena cylindrica as an alternative method for optimizing the symbiotic performance and development of the common bean at greenhouse conditions. The treatments were as follows: (T1) control without N and inoculation, (T2) N addition (100 kg N ha-1), (T3) Riz (addition of R. tropici+R. freirei), (T4) Azo (Azospirillum brasilense addition), (T5) Ana (Anabaena cylindrical addition), (T6) Riz+Azo, (T7) Riz+Ana, (T8) Azo+Ana, (T9) Riz+Azo+Ana. We used a completely randomized experimental design with four replications. The co-inoculation of Riz+Azo+Ana promoted plant height, root length and volume, shoot dry matter, accumulated shoot N, number and dry matter of nodules at flowering, number of grains per pod, hundred seed weight, and grain production of the common bean, contributing to increased yield per plant. We observed an increase in common bean grain yield ranging from 62 to 84% after double and triple co-inoculation of rhizobia with azospirilla and/or cyanobacteria, with the highest yield observed in the plants inoculated with Riz+Azo+Ana (84%), similar to those observed in plants after N addition. However, field experiments are necessary to elucidate the performances of the inoculated beneficial microorganisms.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Triple co-inoculation promoted plant height, root length and root volume.
- Taxon
- common bean
Phaseolus vulgarise0 - Treatment
- co-inoculation of Riz+Azo+Anae0
- Outcome
- plant height, root length and volumee0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The co-inoculation of Riz+Azo+Ana promoted plant height, root length and volume, shoot dry matter, accumulated shoot N, number and dry matter of nodules at flowering, number of grains per pod, hundred seed weight, and grain production of the common bean, contributing to increased yield per plant.”
Claim · model-written summary
Triple co-inoculation promoted shoot dry matter and accumulated shoot N.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- co-inoculation of Riz+Azo+Anae0
- Outcome
- shoot dry matter, accumulated shoot Ne0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The co-inoculation of Riz+Azo+Ana promoted plant height, root length and volume, shoot dry matter, accumulated shoot N, number and dry matter of nodules at flowering, number of grains per pod, hundred seed weight, and grain production of the common bean, contributing to increased yield per plant.”
Claim · model-written summary
Triple co-inoculation promoted nodule number and dry matter at flowering.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Organ / stage
- floweringe0
- Treatment
- co-inoculation of Riz+Azo+Anae0
- Outcome
- number and dry matter of nodulese0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The co-inoculation of Riz+Azo+Ana promoted plant height, root length and volume, shoot dry matter, accumulated shoot N, number and dry matter of nodules at flowering, number of grains per pod, hundred seed weight, and grain production of the common bean, contributing to increased yield per plant.”
Claim · model-written summary
Triple co-inoculation promoted grains per pod, hundred seed weight and grain production.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- co-inoculation of Riz+Azo+Anae0
- Outcome
- number of grains per pod, hundred seed weight, and grain productione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The co-inoculation of Riz+Azo+Ana promoted plant height, root length and volume, shoot dry matter, accumulated shoot N, number and dry matter of nodules at flowering, number of grains per pod, hundred seed weight, and grain production of the common bean, contributing to increased yield per plant.”
Claim · model-written summary
Double and triple co-inoculation increased grain yield by 62 to 84%.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- double and triple co-inoculation of rhizobia with azospirilla and/or cyanobacteriae0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 62 to 84%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We observed an increase in common bean grain yield ranging from 62 to 84% after double and triple co-inoculation of rhizobia with azospirilla and/or cyanobacteria”
Claim · model-written summary
Triple Riz+Azo+Ana inoculation produced the highest grain yield, 84%, similar to N addition.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- inoculated with Riz+Azo+Anae0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 84%e0
- Comparator
- N additione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with the highest yield observed in the plants inoculated with Riz+Azo+Ana (84%), similar to those observed in plants after N addition.”
t0“common bean”
t1“common bean”
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