Abstract
Abstract Aims In order to counteract the enduring decreases in the quality of agricultural land, mechanistic studies for a more sustainable agricultural crop production were performed. They aimed to assess the effects of organic amendments in combination with mineral fertilizer on soil-rhizosphere microbiota and their influence on soil health and plant performance. Methods In a short-term greenhouse experiment, the effects of pelletized spent mushroom substrate, with different combinations of biochar and mineral fertilizer, on agricultural soil and performance of Hordeum vulgare L were scrutinized. To evaluate improved soil quality, different soil biological and chemical properties, microbial activity, bacterial diversity and plant performance were assessed. Results Plant performance increased across all fertilizer combinations. Bacterial β -diversity changed from the initial to the final sampling, pointing at a strong influence of plant development on the rhizosphere with increasing abundances of Acidobacteria and decreasing abundances of Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi , and Bacteroidetes . Microbial activity (FDA), potential enzyme activity and metabolic diversity of the microbial community (BIOLOG) were not affected by the amendments, whereas bacterial community structure changed on family level, indicating functional redundancy. Treatments containing biochar and the highest amount of mineral fertilizer (B_MF140) caused the strongest changes, which were most pronounced for the families Xanthobacteraceae, Mycobacteriaceae, and Haliangiaceae . Conclusion Applying organic amendments improved plant performance and maintained soil health, contributing to more sustainable crop production. Nevertheless, long-term field studies are recommended to verify the findings of this short-term experiment.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Plant performance increased across all fertilizer combinations.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare L
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Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- fertilizer combinationse0
- Outcome
- Plant performancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Plant performance increased across all fertilizer combinations”
t0“Changes of soil-rhizosphere microbiota after organic amendment application in a Hordeum vulgare L. short-term greenhouse experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizosphere bacterial beta-diversity changed between initial and final sampling.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare LHordeum vulgaret0
- Interactor
- Bacteriale0symbiont
- Outcome
- Bacterial β -diversitye0
- Direction
- changede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bacterial β -diversity changed from the initial to the final sampling, pointing at a strong influence of plant development on the rhizosphere”
t0“Changes of soil-rhizosphere microbiota after organic amendment application in a Hordeum vulgare L. short-term greenhouse experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Acidobacteria abundance increased in the rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare LHordeum vulgaret0
- Interactor
- AcidobacteriaAcidobacteriotae0symbiont
- Outcome
- abundances of Acidobacteriae0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing abundances of Acidobacteria and decreasing abundances of Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi , and Bacteroidetes”
t0“Changes of soil-rhizosphere microbiota after organic amendment application in a Hordeum vulgare L. short-term greenhouse experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinobacteria abundance decreased in the rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare LHordeum vulgaret0
- Interactor
- ActinobacteriaActinomycetotae0symbiont
- Outcome
- abundances of Actinobacteriae0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing abundances of Acidobacteria and decreasing abundances of Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi , and Bacteroidetes”
t0“Changes of soil-rhizosphere microbiota after organic amendment application in a Hordeum vulgare L. short-term greenhouse experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloroflexi abundance decreased in the rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare LHordeum vulgaret0
- Interactor
- ChloroflexiChloroflexotae0symbiont
- Outcome
- Chloroflexie0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreasing abundances of Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi , and Bacteroidetes”
t0“Changes of soil-rhizosphere microbiota after organic amendment application in a Hordeum vulgare L. short-term greenhouse experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacteroidetes abundance decreased in the rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare LHordeum vulgaret0
- Interactor
- BacteroidetesBacteroidotae0symbiont
- Outcome
- Bacteroidetese0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreasing abundances of Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi , and Bacteroidetes”
t0“Changes of soil-rhizosphere microbiota after organic amendment application in a Hordeum vulgare L. short-term greenhouse experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Amendments did not affect microbial FDA activity, potential enzyme activity or metabolic diversity.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare LHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- amendmentse0
- Interactor
- microbial communitye0symbiont
- Outcome
- Microbial activity (FDA), potential enzyme activity and metabolic diversitye0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Microbial activity (FDA), potential enzyme activity and metabolic diversity of the microbial community (BIOLOG) were not affected by the amendments”
t0“Changes of soil-rhizosphere microbiota after organic amendment application in a Hordeum vulgare L. short-term greenhouse experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Amendments changed bacterial community structure at family level.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare LHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- amendmentse1
- Interactor
- bacteriale0symbiont
- Outcome
- bacterial community structuree0
- Direction
- changede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bacterial community structure changed on family level”
t0“Changes of soil-rhizosphere microbiota after organic amendment application in a Hordeum vulgare L. short-term greenhouse experiment”
e1“Microbial activity (FDA), potential enzyme activity and metabolic diversity of the microbial community (BIOLOG) were not affected by the amendments”
Claim · model-written summary
B_MF140 caused the strongest bacterial family changes, especially for three families.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare LHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- B_MF140e0
- Outcome
- strongest changese0
- Direction
- strongeste0
- Qualifier
- Xanthobacteraceae, Mycobacteriaceae, and Haliangiaceaee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments containing biochar and the highest amount of mineral fertilizer (B_MF140) caused the strongest changes, which were most pronounced for the families Xanthobacteraceae, Mycobacteriaceae, and Haliangiaceae”
t0“Changes of soil-rhizosphere microbiota after organic amendment application in a Hordeum vulgare L. short-term greenhouse experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic amendments improved plant performance.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare LHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- organic amendmentse0
- Outcome
- plant performancee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying organic amendments improved plant performance and maintained soil health”
t0“Changes of soil-rhizosphere microbiota after organic amendment application in a Hordeum vulgare L. short-term greenhouse experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic amendments maintained soil health.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare LHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- organic amendmentse0
- Outcome
- soil healthe0
- Direction
- maintainede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applying organic amendments improved plant performance and maintained soil health”
t0“Changes of soil-rhizosphere microbiota after organic amendment application in a Hordeum vulgare L. short-term greenhouse experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend long-term field studies to verify the short-term findings.
- Taxon
- Hordeum vulgare LHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- long-term field studiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“long-term field studies are recommended to verify the findings of this short-term experiment”
t0“Changes of soil-rhizosphere microbiota after organic amendment application in a Hordeum vulgare L. short-term greenhouse experiment”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.