Abstract
The use of plant allelopathy to control weeds in the field has been generally recognized as a win-win strategy because it is an environmentally friendly and resource-saving method. The mechanism of this natural weed-control method relies on allelochemicals, the rhizosphere microbiome, and their bio-interaction, and exploring the link between allelochemicals and specific microbes helps accelerate the application of allelopathic characteristics in farming. In this study, we used allelopathic rice PI312777 (PI), its genetically modified OsPAL2-1 repression (PR) or overexpression (PO) lines, and non-allelopathic rice Lemont (Le) as donor plants to reveal the bio-interaction between rice allelochemicals and rhizosphere specific microorganisms. The results showed a higher content of phenolic acid exudation from the roots of PI than those of Le, which resulted in significantly increased the population of myxococcus in the rhizosphere soil. Transgenic PO lines exhibited increasing exudation of phenolic acid, which led to the population of Myxococcus xanthus in the rhizosphere soil of PO was significantly increased, while PR showed the opposite result in comparison with the wild type of PI. Exogenous application of phenolic acid induced the growth of M. xanthus, and the expressions of chemotaxis-related genes were up-regulated in M. xanthus. In addition, quercetin was identified in the culture medium; according to the bioassay determination, a quercetin concentration of 0.53 mM inhibited the root length by 60.59%. Our study indicates that OsPAL2-1 is among the efficient genes that regulate rice allelopathy by controlling the synthesis of phenolic acid allelochemicals, and phenolic acid (ferulic acid, FA) induces the chemotactic aggregation of M. xanthus, which promoted the proliferation and aggregation of this microbe. The potential allelochemical, quercetin was generated from the FA-induced M. xanthus cultured medium.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Allelopathic rice PI312777 had a higher content of phenolic acid exudation from the roots than non-allelopathic Lemont.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- PI312777e0
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Compound
- phenolic acide1
- Outcome
- content of phenolic acid exudatione1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- Lee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“allelopathic rice PI312777 (PI)”
e1“The results showed a higher content of phenolic acid exudation from the roots of PI than those of Le”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenolic acid exudation of the allelopathic rice significantly increased the population of Myxococcus in the rhizosphere soil.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rhizosphere soile1
- Interactor
- myxococcus
Myxococcuse1other - Outcome
- population of myxococcuse1
- Direction
- significantly increasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“allelopathic rice PI312777 (PI)”
e1“which resulted in significantly increased the population of myxococcus in the rhizosphere soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic PO lines showed increasing exudation of phenolic acid.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Transgenic PO linese1
- Compound
- phenolic acide1
- Outcome
- exudation of phenolic acide1
- Direction
- increasinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“allelopathic rice PI312777 (PI)”
e1“Transgenic PO lines exhibited increasing exudation of phenolic acid, which led to the population of Myxococcus xanthus in the rhizosphere soil of PO was significantly increased, while PR showed the opposite result in comparison with the wild type of PI”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic PO lines significantly increased the population of Myxococcus xanthus in the rhizosphere soil.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Transgenic PO linese1
- Interactor
- Myxococcus xanthusMyxococcus xanthuse1other
- Outcome
- population of Myxococcus xanthus in the rhizosphere soile1
- Direction
- significantly increasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“allelopathic rice PI312777 (PI)”
e1“Transgenic PO lines exhibited increasing exudation of phenolic acid, which led to the population of Myxococcus xanthus in the rhizosphere soil of PO was significantly increased, while PR showed the opposite result in comparison with the wild type of PI”
Claim · model-written summary
PR lines showed the opposite result for the population of Myxococcus xanthus in the rhizosphere soil, compared with the wild type of PI.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- PRe1
- Interactor
- Myxococcus xanthusMyxococcus xanthuse1other
- Outcome
- population of Myxococcus xanthus in the rhizosphere soile1
- Direction
- the opposite resulte1
- Comparator
- wild type of PIe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“allelopathic rice PI312777 (PI)”
e1“Transgenic PO lines exhibited increasing exudation of phenolic acid, which led to the population of Myxococcus xanthus in the rhizosphere soil of PO was significantly increased, while PR showed the opposite result in comparison with the wild type of PI”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous phenolic acid induced the growth of M. xanthus.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Exogenous application of phenolic acide0
- Interactor
- M. xanthuse0other
- Compound
- phenolic acide0
- Outcome
- growth of M. xanthuse0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous application of phenolic acid induced the growth of M. xanthus”
e1“allelopathic rice PI312777 (PI)”
Claim · model-written summary
Expressions of chemotaxis-related genes were up-regulated in M. xanthus.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Interactor
- M. xanthuse0other
- Gene
- chemotaxis-related genese0
- Outcome
- expressions of chemotaxis-related genese0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expressions of chemotaxis-related genes were up-regulated in M. xanthus”
e1“allelopathic rice PI312777 (PI)”
Claim · model-written summary
Quercetin was identified in the culture medium of M. xanthus.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Compound
- quercetine0
- Outcome
- quercetin was identifiede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“quercetin was identified in the culture medium”
e1“allelopathic rice PI312777 (PI)”
Claim · model-written summary
A quercetin concentration of 0.53 mM inhibited the root length by 60.59 percent in the bioassay.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- a quercetin concentration of 0.53 mMe0
- Compound
- quercetine0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 60.59%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a quercetin concentration of 0.53 mM inhibited the root length by 60.59%”
e1“allelopathic rice PI312777 (PI)”
Claim · model-written summary
OsPAL2-1 is among the efficient genes that regulate rice allelopathy by controlling the synthesis of phenolic acid allelochemicals.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Gene
- OsPAL2-1e0
- Compound
- phenolic acid allelochemicalse0
- Outcome
- rice allelopathye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Our study indicates that OsPAL2-1 is among the efficient genes that regulate rice allelopathy by controlling the synthesis of phenolic acid allelochemicals”
e1“allelopathic rice PI312777 (PI)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenolic acid ferulic acid (FA) induces the chemotactic aggregation of M. xanthus.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- phenolic acid (ferulic acid, FA)e0
- Interactor
- M. xanthuse0other
- Compound
- ferulic acide0
- Outcome
- chemotactic aggregation of M. xanthuse0
- Direction
- inducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phenolic acid (ferulic acid, FA) induces the chemotactic aggregation of M. xanthus”
e1“allelopathic rice PI312777 (PI)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ferulic acid-induced phenolic acid promoted the proliferation and aggregation of M. xanthus.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- phenolic acid (ferulic acid, FA)e1
- Interactor
- M. xanthuse1other
- Outcome
- proliferation and aggregation of this microbee0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which promoted the proliferation and aggregation of this microbe”
e1“phenolic acid (ferulic acid, FA) induces the chemotactic aggregation of M. xanthus”
e2“allelopathic rice PI312777 (PI)”
Claim · model-written summary
Quercetin was generated from the FA-induced M. xanthus cultured medium.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Interactor
- M. xanthuse0other
- Compound
- quercetine0
- Outcome
- quercetin was generatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The potential allelochemical, quercetin was generated from the FA-induced M. xanthus cultured medium”
e1“allelopathic rice PI312777 (PI)”
The same questions in other papers
quercetin · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.