Abstract
Abstract Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi , has negatively impacted soybean production worldwide. This study evaluated the effect of foliar spray of acibenzolar‐S‐methyl (ASM) and jasmonic acid (JA) as well as silicon (Si) supplied, either by soil amendment using calcium silicate or through a nutrient solution, on ASR control as well as on the expression of some defence‐related genes (phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase ( PAL ), chitinase ( CHI ), chalcone isomerase ( CHAL ), lipoxygenase ( LOX ), pathogenesis‐related protein 1 ( PR‐1 ) and metalloproteinase ( MET )) in soybean plants infected or not by P. pachyrhizi . Foliar Si concentration ranged from 2.6 to 8.7 dag/kg for Si supply by soil application or through a nutrient solution in comparison with the control treatment (no Si supply). Higher foliar Si concentration contributed to reducing ASR severity greater than 30%, mainly if supplied through nutrient solution. The ASR severity was significantly reduced by 36% with the ASM spray in comparison with the control treatment without any expressive effect on the expression of the analysed genes. The JA spray did not result in reduction on ASR severity in comparison with the control treatment even though with higher transcript levels of PAL at 12 hai. The transcripts levels of MET and PAL were significantly higher for inoculated plants taking up Si from the soil in comparison to non‐inoculated plants of this treatment at 72 hai. For Si supply through the nutrient solution (+Si plants), the transcripts levels of LOX and CHAL were significantly higher for inoculated plants in comparison to inoculated ‐Si ones at 12 hai. At 141 hai, the transcript level of PAL was significantly higher for inoculated + Si plants in comparison to inoculated ‐Si ones. In conclusion, Si supply contributed decisively to reduce ASR severity through the potentiation of some defence‐related genes mainly PAL and CHAL involved, respectively, in the biosynthesis of phenolics and flavonoids.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon supplied through soil or nutrient solution raised foliar silicon concentration relative to no silicon.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Si supply by soil application or through a nutrient solutione0
- Outcome
- Foliar Si concentratione0
- Value
- 2.6 to 8.7 dag/kge0
- Comparator
- control treatment (no Si supply)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar Si concentration ranged from 2.6 to 8.7 dag/kg for Si supply by soil application or through a nutrient solution in comparison with the control treatment (no Si supply).”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher foliar Si concentration reduced soybean rust severity by more than 30%, especially via nutrient solution.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- Phakopsora pachyrhiziPhakopsora pachyrhizie1pathogen
- Compound
- Sie0
- Outcome
- ASR severitye0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- greater than 30%e0
- Qualifier
- mainly if supplied through nutrient solutione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher foliar Si concentration contributed to reducing ASR severity greater than 30%, mainly if supplied through nutrient solution.”
t0“soybean”
e1“Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi”
Claim · model-written summary
ASM spray reduced soybean rust severity by 36% versus control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- ASM spraye0
- Interactor
- Phakopsora pachyrhiziPhakopsora pachyrhizie1pathogen
- Outcome
- ASR severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 36%e0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ASR severity was significantly reduced by 36% with the ASM spray in comparison with the control treatment”
t0“soybean”
e1“Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi”
Claim · model-written summary
ASM spray had no expressive effect on the analyzed defense-gene expression.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- ASM spraye1
- Outcome
- expression of the analysed genese0
- Direction
- without any expressive effecte0
- Comparator
- control treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“without any expressive effect on the expression of the analysed genes.”
e1“The ASR severity was significantly reduced by 36% with the ASM spray in comparison with the control treatment”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
JA spray did not reduce soybean rust severity compared with control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- JA spraye0
- Interactor
- Phakopsora pachyrhiziPhakopsora pachyrhizie1pathogen
- Outcome
- ASR severitye0
- Direction
- did not result in reductione0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The JA spray did not result in reduction on ASR severity in comparison with the control treatment”
t0“soybean”
e1“Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi”
Claim · model-written summary
JA spray produced higher PAL transcript levels at 12 hours after inoculation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- JA spraye0
- Gene
- PALe0
- Outcome
- transcript levels of PALe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- 12 haie0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The JA spray did not result in reduction on ASR severity in comparison with the control treatment even though with higher transcript levels of PAL at 12 hai.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
In soil-silicon plants, inoculation raised MET and PAL transcripts at 72 hours after inoculation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- inoculated plants taking up Si from the soile0
- Gene
- MET and PALe0
- Outcome
- transcripts levels of MET and PALe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- 72 haie0
- Comparator
- non‐inoculated plants of this treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The transcripts levels of MET and PAL were significantly higher for inoculated plants taking up Si from the soil in comparison to non‐inoculated plants of this treatment at 72 hai.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated nutrient-solution +Si plants had higher LOX and CHAL transcripts than inoculated -Si plants at 12 hours.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Si supply through the nutrient solution (+Si plants)e1
- Gene
- LOX and CHALe0
- Outcome
- transcripts levels of LOX and CHALe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- 12 haie0
- Comparator
- inoculated ‐Si onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the transcripts levels of LOX and CHAL were significantly higher for inoculated plants in comparison to inoculated ‐Si ones at 12 hai.”
e1“For Si supply through the nutrient solution (+Si plants)”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated +Si plants had higher PAL transcripts than inoculated -Si plants at 141 hours.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- inoculated + Si plantse0
- Gene
- PALe0
- Outcome
- transcript level of PALe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- 141 haie0
- Comparator
- inoculated ‐Si onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 141 hai, the transcript level of PAL was significantly higher for inoculated + Si plants in comparison to inoculated ‐Si ones.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that silicon reduced rust severity by potentiating PAL and CHAL defense pathways.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Si supplye0
- Gene
- PAL and CHALe0
- Outcome
- ASR severitye0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Qualifier
- biosynthesis of phenolics and flavonoidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si supply contributed decisively to reduce ASR severity through the potentiation of some defence‐related genes mainly PAL and CHAL involved, respectively, in the biosynthesis of phenolics and flavonoids.”
t0“soybean”
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