Abstract
Seed aging tolerance and rapid seedling growth are important agronomic traits for crop production; however, how these traits are controlled at the molecular level remains largely unknown. The unaged seeds of two independent maize DEHYDRATION-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT-BINDING2A mutant (zmdreb2a) lines, with decreased expression of GRETCHEN HAGEN3.2 (ZmGH3.2, encoding indole-3-acetic acid [IAA] deactivating enzyme), and increased IAA in their embryo, produced longer seedling shoots and roots, than the null segregant (NS) controls. However, the zmdreb2a seeds, with decreased expression of RAFFINOSE SYNTHASE (ZmRAFS) and less raffinose in their embryo, exhibit decreased seed aging tolerance, than the NS controls. Overexpression of ZmDREB2A in maize protoplasts increased the expression of ZmGH3.2, ZmRAFS genes and that of a Rennila LUCIFERASE reporter (Rluc) gene, which was controlled by either the ZmGH3.2- or ZmRAFS-promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that ZmDREB2A directly binds to the DRE motif of the promoters of both ZmGH3.2 and ZmRAFS. Exogenous supplementation of IAA to the unaged, germinating NS seeds increased subsequent seedling growth making them similar to the zmdreb2a seedlings from unaged seeds. These findings provide evidence that ZmDREB2A regulates the longevity of maize seed by stimulating the production of raffinose while simultaneously acting to limit auxin-mediated cell expansion.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Unaged zmdreb2a mutant seeds produced longer seedling shoots and roots than null segregant controls.
- Material
- zmdreb2ae0
- Organ / stage
- unaged seedse0
- Treatment
- zmdreb2ae0
- Outcome
- seedling shoots and rootse0
- Direction
- longere0
- Comparator
- null segregant (NS) controlse0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The unaged seeds of two independent maize DEHYDRATION-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT-BINDING2A mutant (zmdreb2a) lines, with decreased expression of GRETCHEN HAGEN3.2 (ZmGH3.2, encoding indole-3-acetic acid [IAA] deactivating enzyme), and increased IAA in their embryo, produced longer seedling shoots and roots, than the null segregant (NS) controls.”
Claim · model-written summary
ZmGH3.2 expression was decreased in zmdreb2a mutants.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“zmdreb2a) lines, with decreased expression of GRETCHEN HAGEN3.2 (ZmGH3.2”
t0“ZmDREB2A regulates ZmGH3.2 and ZmRAFS”
e1“maize DEHYDRATION-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT-BINDING2A mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA increased in embryos of zmdreb2a mutants.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased IAA in their embryo”
e1“maize DEHYDRATION-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT-BINDING2A mutant (zmdreb2a) lines”
Claim · model-written summary
zmdreb2a seeds had reduced seed aging tolerance relative to NS controls.
- Material
- zmdreb2ae0
- Treatment
- zmdreb2ae0
- Outcome
- seed aging tolerancee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- NS controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the zmdreb2a seeds, with decreased expression of RAFFINOSE SYNTHASE (ZmRAFS) and less raffinose in their embryo, exhibit decreased seed aging tolerance, than the NS controls.”
e1“maize protoplasts”
Claim · model-written summary
ZmRAFS expression decreased in zmdreb2a seeds.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“zmdreb2a seeds, with decreased expression of RAFFINOSE SYNTHASE (ZmRAFS)”
e1“maize protoplasts”
Claim · model-written summary
Raffinose was lower in zmdreb2a embryos.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“less raffinose in their embryo”
e1“zmdreb2a seeds”
e2“maize protoplasts”
Claim · model-written summary
ZmDREB2A overexpression increased ZmGH3.2 and ZmRAFS expression in maize protoplasts.
- Treatment
- Overexpression of ZmDREB2Ae0
- Gene
- ZmDREB2Ae0
- Outcome
- expression of ZmGH3.2, ZmRAFS genese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of ZmDREB2A in maize protoplasts increased the expression of ZmGH3.2, ZmRAFS genes”
Claim · model-written summary
ZmDREB2A overexpression increased promoter-controlled Rluc reporter expression.
- Treatment
- Overexpression of ZmDREB2Ae0
- Gene
- ZmDREB2Ae0
- Outcome
- Rennila LUCIFERASE reporter (Rluc) genee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of ZmDREB2A in maize protoplasts increased the expression of ZmGH3.2, ZmRAFS genes and that of a Rennila LUCIFERASE reporter (Rluc) gene, which was controlled by either the ZmGH3.2- or ZmRAFS-promoter.”
Claim · model-written summary
ZmDREB2A directly bound the DRE motif in both ZmGH3.2 and ZmRAFS promoters.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZmDREB2A directly binds to the DRE motif of the promoters of both ZmGH3.2 and ZmRAFS.”
e1“maize protoplasts”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA supplementation increased subsequent seedling growth of unaged NS seeds to resemble zmdreb2a seedlings.
- Organ / stage
- unaged, germinating NS seedse0
- Treatment
- Exogenous supplementation of IAAe0
- Outcome
- subsequent seedling growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- zmdreb2a seedlings from unaged seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous supplementation of IAA to the unaged, germinating NS seeds increased subsequent seedling growth making them similar to the zmdreb2a seedlings from unaged seeds.”
e1“maize protoplasts”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that ZmDREB2A promotes seed longevity through raffinose production while limiting auxin-mediated cell expansion.
- Gene
- ZmDREB2Ae0
- Outcome
- longevity of maize seede0
- Qualifier
- stimulating the production of raffinose while simultaneously acting to limit auxin-mediated cell expansione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZmDREB2A regulates the longevity of maize seed by stimulating the production of raffinose while simultaneously acting to limit auxin-mediated cell expansion.”
The same questions in other papers
indole-3-acetic acid · growth · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
34 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
37 papers more in this group
See all 41 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.