Abstract
We examined the kinetics of electrotropic curvature in solutions of low electrolyte concentration using primary roots of maize (Zea mays L., variety Merit). When submerged in oxygenated solution across which an electric field was applied, the roots curved rapidly and strongly toward the positive electrode (anode). The strength of the electrotropic response increased and the latent period decreased with increasing field strength. At a field strength of 7.5 volts per centimeter the latent period was 6.6 minutes and curvature reached 60 degrees in about 1 hour. For electric fields greater than 10 volts per centimeter the latent period was less than 1 minute. There was no response to electric fields less than 2.8 volts per centimeter. Both electrotropism and growth were inhibited when indoleacetic acid (10 micromolar) was included in the medium. The auxin transport inhibitor pyrenoylbenzoic acid strongly inhibited electrotropism without inhibiting growth. Electrotropism was enhanced by treatments that interfere with gravitropism, e.g. decapping the roots or pretreating them with ethyleneglycol-bis-[beta-ethylether]-N,N,N',N' -tetraacetic acid. Similarly, roots of agravitropic pea (Pisum sativum, variety Ageotropum) seedlings were more responsive to electrotropic stimulation than roots of normal (variety Alaska) seedlings. The data indicate that the early steps of gravitropism and electrotropism occur by independent mechanisms. However, the motor mechanisms of the two responses may have features in common since auxin and auxin transport inhibitors reduced both gravitropism and electrotropism.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Maize roots curved toward the positive electrode under an electric field.
- Treatment
- electric fielde0
- Outcome
- roots curved rapidly and strongly toward the positive electrode (anode)e0
Zea maysNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When submerged in oxygenated solution across which an electric field was applied, the roots curved rapidly and strongly toward the positive electrode (anode).”
t0“Electrotropism of Maize Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Electrotropic response strength increased with field strength.
- Treatment
- increasing field strengthe0
- Outcome
- strength of the electrotropic responsee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The strength of the electrotropic response increased and the latent period decreased with increasing field strength.”
t0“Maize Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Electrotropic latency decreased as field strength increased.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The strength of the electrotropic response increased and the latent period decreased with increasing field strength.”
t0“Maize Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
At 7.5 volts per centimeter, latency was 6.6 minutes.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At a field strength of 7.5 volts per centimeter the latent period was 6.6 minutes and curvature reached 60 degrees in about 1 hour.”
t0“Maize Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
At 7.5 volts per centimeter, curvature reached 60 degrees in about an hour.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At a field strength of 7.5 volts per centimeter the latent period was 6.6 minutes and curvature reached 60 degrees in about 1 hour.”
t0“Maize Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Fields above 10 volts per centimeter produced latency below a minute.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For electric fields greater than 10 volts per centimeter the latent period was less than 1 minute.”
t0“Maize Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Fields below 2.8 volts per centimeter elicited no response.
- Treatment
- electric fields less than 2.8 volts per centimetere0
- Outcome
- responsee0
- Direction
- no responsee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no response to electric fields less than 2.8 volts per centimeter.”
t0“Maize Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Indoleacetic acid inhibited electrotropism.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both electrotropism and growth were inhibited when indoleacetic acid (10 micromolar) was included in the medium.”
t0“Maize Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Indoleacetic acid inhibited growth.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both electrotropism and growth were inhibited when indoleacetic acid (10 micromolar) was included in the medium.”
t0“Maize Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyrenoylbenzoic acid strongly inhibited electrotropism.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The auxin transport inhibitor pyrenoylbenzoic acid strongly inhibited electrotropism without inhibiting growth.”
t0“Maize Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyrenoylbenzoic acid did not inhibit growth.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The auxin transport inhibitor pyrenoylbenzoic acid strongly inhibited electrotropism without inhibiting growth.”
t0“Maize Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Root decapping enhanced electrotropism.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Electrotropism was enhanced by treatments that interfere with gravitropism, e.g. decapping the roots or pretreating them with ethyleneglycol-bis-[beta-ethylether]-N,N,N',N' -tetraacetic acid.”
t0“Maize Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
EGTA pretreatment enhanced electrotropism.
- Treatment
- pretreating them with ethyleneglycol-bis-[beta-ethylether]-N,N,N',N' -tetraacetic acide0
- Outcome
- Electrotropisme0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Electrotropism was enhanced by treatments that interfere with gravitropism, e.g. decapping the roots or pretreating them with ethyleneglycol-bis-[beta-ethylether]-N,N,N',N' -tetraacetic acid.”
t0“Maize Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Agravitropic pea seedlings responded more to electrotropic stimulation than normal pea seedlings.
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceuse0 - Material
- variety Ageotropume0
- Treatment
- agravitropice0
- Outcome
- responsive to electrotropic stimulatione0
- Direction
- more responsivee0
- Comparator
- variety Alaskae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“roots of agravitropic pea (Pisum sativum, variety Ageotropum) seedlings were more responsive to electrotropic stimulation than roots of normal (variety Alaska) seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors inferred independent early mechanisms for gravitropism and electrotropism.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the early steps of gravitropism and electrotropism occur by independent mechanisms.”
t0“Maize Roots”
The same questions in other papers
indole-3-acetic acid · growth · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 35 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
37 papers more in this group
See all 41 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.