Abstract
Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg is important in maize (Zea mays L.) production because it causes ear rot, seedling decay, stalk rot, and fumonisin contamination in kernels. Pathways for kernel infection and ear rot by F. verticillioides include silks, insect wounds, and systemic infection. In previous studies, the frequency of systemic transmission of the fungus was variable, and this was attributed to environmental factors. In this study, the effect of temperature on systemic development of F. verticillioides was investigated during vegetative and reproductive stages of plant development. There were three temperature treatments designed to simulate the seasonal progression in Iowa. Treatments consisted of: a) average temperature (based on the average weekly temperatures); b) low temperature (two standard deviations below average); and c) high temperature (two standard deviations above average). Maize seeds were inoculated with a GFP (green fluorescence protein)-expressing strain of F. verticillioides and grown in growth chambers. Temperature treatments were imposed when plants reached V6 stage (vegetative-stage experiments), or when they reached VT (reproductive-stage experiments). F. verticillioides was reisolated from primary roots, mesocotyls and belowground internodes at all temperatures regimes. Reisolation of the inoculated strain declined acropetally in aboveground internodes at all temperature regimes. There was a significantly higher incidence systemic development of F. verticillioides in aboveground tissues at the high temperature regime than at the low and average temperature regimes in the vegetative-stage and reproductive-stage experiments. Mean kernel infection with the seed inoculated strain was 7.5%. There was no evidence of a treatment effect on the number of infected kernels (either symptomatic or asymptomatic) and ear peduncles that yielded the inoculated strain. Overall, the influence of high temperature on systemic movement of F. verticillioides was significant. The inoculated strain can be isolated from higher internodes in plants at physiological maturity. Other environmental factors may interact with temperature in ways that influence systemic movement of F. verticillioides and it subsequent movement into the kernels.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
The inoculated fungus was reisolated from maize primary roots, mesocotyls and belowground internodes at all temperature regimes.
- Organ / stage
- primary roots, mesocotyls and belowground internodese0
- Interactor
- F. verticillioides
Fusarium verticillioidese0pathogen - Outcome
- F. verticillioides was reisolated from primary roots, mesocotyls and belowground internodes at all temperatures regimes.e0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F. verticillioides was reisolated from primary roots, mesocotyls and belowground internodes at all temperatures regimes.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Reisolation of the inoculated fungal strain declined acropetally in aboveground maize internodes under all temperature regimes.
- Organ / stage
- aboveground internodese0
- Interactor
- Fusarium verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidest0pathogen
- Outcome
- Reisolation of the inoculated straine0
- Direction
- declined acropetallye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reisolation of the inoculated strain declined acropetally in aboveground internodes at all temperature regimes.”
t0“maize by Fusarium verticillioides”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature produced significantly higher systemic Fusarium incidence in aboveground maize tissues than low and average temperature at vegetative and reproductive stages.
- Organ / stage
- aboveground tissuese0
- Treatment
- high temperature regimee0
- Interactor
- F. verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidese0pathogen
- Outcome
- incidence systemic development of F. verticillioidese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- low and average temperature regimese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a significantly higher incidence systemic development of F. verticillioides in aboveground tissues at the high temperature regime than at the low and average temperature regimes in the vegetative-stage and reproductive-stage experiments.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean maize kernel infection by the seed inoculated strain was 7.5%.
- Organ / stage
- kernele0
- Interactor
- Fusarium verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidest0pathogen
- Outcome
- kernel infection with the seed inoculated straine0
- Value
- 7.5%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean kernel infection with the seed inoculated strain was 7.5%.”
t0“maize by Fusarium verticillioides”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature treatment showed no evidence of an effect on maize number of infected kernels (either symptomatic or asymptomatic).
- Treatment
- treatmente0
- Interactor
- Fusarium verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidest0pathogen
- Outcome
- number of infected kernels (either symptomatic or asymptomatic)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no evidence of a treatment effect on the number of infected kernels (either symptomatic or asymptomatic) and ear peduncles that yielded the inoculated strain.”
t0“maize by Fusarium verticillioides”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature treatment showed no evidence of an effect on maize ear peduncles that yielded the inoculated strain.
- Treatment
- treatmente0
- Interactor
- Fusarium verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidest0pathogen
- Outcome
- ear peduncles that yielded the inoculated straine0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no evidence of a treatment effect on the number of infected kernels (either symptomatic or asymptomatic) and ear peduncles that yielded the inoculated strain.”
t0“maize by Fusarium verticillioides”
Claim · model-written summary
The inoculated Fusarium strain remained isolatable from higher maize internodes at physiological maturity.
- Organ / stage
- higher internodese0
- Interactor
- Fusarium verticillioidesFusarium verticillioidest0pathogen
- Outcome
- inoculated strain can be isolated from higher internodese0
- Qualifier
- physiological maturitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inoculated strain can be isolated from higher internodes in plants at physiological maturity.”
t0“maize by Fusarium verticillioides”
The same questions in other papers
heat · Fusarium verticillioides · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.