Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a leading food legume primarily grown in marginal areas and consumed all over the world. However, its production is limited owing to zinc (Zn) deficiency in many chickpea-based cropping systems. This study was conducted over two years to evaluate the effect of Zn application through seed treatments on productivity and grain Zn biofortification of kabuli and desi chickpea types in Punjab, Pakistan. Pre-optimised doses of Zn were applied as (i) seed priming (0.001 m Zn) and (ii) seed coating (5 mg Zn kg–1 seed), using ZnSO4.7H2O (33% Zn). Hydropriming (soaking in water) and non-primed dry seeds were used as control treatments. Zinc seed treatments significantly improved leghemoglobin contents, nodulation, grain yield, grain Zn yield, grain bioavailable Zn, grain minerals and grain Zn concentration compared with control treatments in both chickpea types. During both years, kabuli chickpea receiving Zn seed coating had higher grain yield (2.22 and 2.73 t ha–1) and grain Zn yield (103 and 129 g ha–1) than kabuli receiving other treatments. Likewise, during both study years, maximum grain bioavailable Zn (4.58 and 4.55 mg Zn day–1) was recorded with Zn seed coating in both chickpea types. Kabuli chickpea had more grain bioavailable Zn than desi. With regard to seed treatments, desi chickpea was more responsive to Zn osmopriming, whereas kabuli was more responsive to Zn seed coating. In conclusion, Zn seed treatments, as seed priming and seed coating, are effective methods for improving the productivity, grain quality and Zn biofortification of both desi and kabuli chickpea.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc seed treatments significantly improved chickpea nodulation, grain yield, zinc yield, bioavailable zinc, minerals and zinc concentration.
- Treatment
- Zinc seed treatmentse0
- Outcome
- leghemoglobin contents, nodulation, grain yield, grain Zn yield, grain bioavailable Zn, grain minerals and grain Zn concentratione0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- control treatmentse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Zinc seed treatments significantly improved leghemoglobin contents, nodulation, grain yield, grain Zn yield, grain bioavailable Zn, grain minerals and grain Zn concentration compared with control treatments in both chickpea types”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc seed coating gave kabuli chickpea grain yields of 2.22 and 2.73 t ha–1, higher than other treatments.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinume0 - Material
- kabulie0
- Treatment
- Zn seed coatinge0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.22 and 2.73 t ha–1e0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kabuli chickpea receiving Zn seed coating had higher grain yield (2.22 and 2.73 t ha–1) and grain Zn yield (103 and 129 g ha–1) than kabuli receiving other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc seed coating gave kabuli chickpea grain zinc yields of 103 and 129 g ha–1, higher than other treatments.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Material
- kabulie0
- Treatment
- Zn seed coatinge0
- Outcome
- grain Zn yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 103 and 129 g ha–1e0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kabuli chickpea receiving Zn seed coating had higher grain yield (2.22 and 2.73 t ha–1) and grain Zn yield (103 and 129 g ha–1) than kabuli receiving other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc seed coating produced maximum bioavailable grain zinc of 4.58 and 4.55 mg Zn day–1 in both chickpea types.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- Zn seed coatinge0
- Outcome
- grain bioavailable Zne0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 4.58 and 4.55 mg Zn day–1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum grain bioavailable Zn (4.58 and 4.55 mg Zn day–1) was recorded with Zn seed coating in both chickpea types”
Claim · model-written summary
Kabuli chickpea had more bioavailable grain zinc than desi.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Material
- Kabulie0
- Outcome
- grain bioavailable Zne0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- desie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kabuli chickpea had more grain bioavailable Zn than desi”
Claim · model-written summary
Desi chickpea responded more to zinc osmopriming, whereas kabuli responded more to zinc seed coating.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Outcome
- more responsivee0
- Direction
- more responsivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“desi chickpea was more responsive to Zn osmopriming, whereas kabuli was more responsive to Zn seed coating”
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