Abstract
Watermelon is an economically important crop in China and is commonly affected by Alternaria-like leaf blight that can result in significant economic losses. In this study, 830 Alternaria isolates, recovered from symptomatic watermelon leaves, were identified based on morphological traits, pathogenicity, and multilocus sequence analyses of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), histone 3 (HIS3), the internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA (rDNA ITS), and the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2). Watermelon isolates grouped to five Alternaria species and one unclassified Alternaria species. They were A. tenuissima, A. alternata, A. cucumerina, A. infectoria, A. gaisen, and Alternaria sp. Notably, A. tenuissima was the most prevalent (73.5%) of the six isolated species, followed by A. alternata (25.0%), A. cucumerina (1.1%), Alternaria sp. (0.2%), A. infectoria (0.1%), and A. gaisen (0.1%). Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that all six Alternaria species could produce brown necrotic lesions on detached leaves of watermelon. The average disease incidence (75.1%) and average disease index (60.8) of watermelon resulting from inoculation of leaves with A. cucumerina were significantly higher than levels resulting from A. alternata (52.9% and 37.2) and A. tenuissima (47.5% and 30.8). Inoculation with Alternaria sp. resulted in a disease incidence (70.0%) and disease index (51.5), which were lower than those of A. cucumerina. The disease incidence and disease index in watermelon leaves inoculated with the one isolate of A. infectoria and the one isolate of A. gaisen present in the inoculated leaves were 28.9% and 16.4, and 48.9% and 31.4, respectively. Results of the study indicate that Alternaria species associated with watermelon leaf blight in China are more diverse than that has been previously reported. This is the first report globally of A. infectoria, A. gaisen, and an unclassified Alternaria species as causal agents of leaf blight on watermelon.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Watermelon isolates grouped to five Alternaria species and one unclassified Alternaria species.
- Taxon
- Watermelon
Citrullus lanatust0 - Interactor
- Alternaria species
Alternariae1pathogen - Outcome
- isolates groupede1
- Value
- fivee1
- Qualifier
- one unclassified Alternaria speciese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Leaf Blight on Watermelon in China”
e1“Watermelon isolates grouped to five Alternaria species and one unclassified Alternaria species”
Claim · model-written summary
Watermelon leaf blight isolates included A. tenuissima, A. alternata and A. cucumerina.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Interactor
- A. tenuissimaAlternaria tenuissimae2pathogen
- Second interactor
- A. alternata
.jpg?width=60)
Alternaria alternatae2pathogen - Outcome
- A. tenuissima, A. alternata, A. cucumerinae2
- Qualifier
- A. cucumerinae2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Leaf Blight on Watermelon in China”
e2“They were A. tenuissima, A. alternata, A. cucumerina, A. infectoria, A. gaisen, and Alternaria sp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Watermelon leaf blight isolates also included A. infectoria, A. gaisen and Alternaria sp.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Interactor
- A. infectoriaAlternaria infectoriae2pathogen
- Second interactor
- A. gaisenAlternaria gaisene2pathogen
- Outcome
- A. infectoria, A. gaisen, and Alternaria spe2
- Qualifier
- Alternaria spe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Leaf Blight on Watermelon in China”
e2“They were A. tenuissima, A. alternata, A. cucumerina, A. infectoria, A. gaisen, and Alternaria sp.”
Claim · model-written summary
A. tenuissima was the most prevalent Alternaria species among the watermelon isolates, at 73.5%.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Interactor
- A. tenuissimaAlternaria tenuissimae3pathogen
- Outcome
- prevalente3
- Value
- 73.5%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Leaf Blight on Watermelon in China”
e3“A. tenuissima was the most prevalent (73.5%) of the six isolated species, followed by A. alternata (25.0%), A. cucumerina (1.1%), Alternaria sp. (0.2%), A. infectoria (0.1%), and A. gaisen (0.1%)”
Claim · model-written summary
A. alternata was prevalent among the watermelon isolates, at 25.0%.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Interactor
- A. alternataAlternaria alternatae3pathogen
- Outcome
- prevalente3
- Value
- 25.0%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Leaf Blight on Watermelon in China”
e3“A. tenuissima was the most prevalent (73.5%) of the six isolated species, followed by A. alternata (25.0%), A. cucumerina (1.1%), Alternaria sp. (0.2%), A. infectoria (0.1%), and A. gaisen (0.1%)”
Claim · model-written summary
A. cucumerina was prevalent among the watermelon isolates, at 1.1%.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Interactor
- A. cucumerina
_1436121.jpg?width=60)
Alternaria cucumerinae3pathogen - Outcome
- prevalente3
- Value
- 1.1%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_1436121.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Leaf Blight on Watermelon in China”
e3“A. tenuissima was the most prevalent (73.5%) of the six isolated species, followed by A. alternata (25.0%), A. cucumerina (1.1%), Alternaria sp. (0.2%), A. infectoria (0.1%), and A. gaisen (0.1%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternaria sp. was prevalent among the watermelon isolates, at 0.2%.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Interactor
- Alternaria sp.Alternariae3pathogen
- Outcome
- prevalente3
- Value
- 0.2%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Leaf Blight on Watermelon in China”
e3“A. tenuissima was the most prevalent (73.5%) of the six isolated species, followed by A. alternata (25.0%), A. cucumerina (1.1%), Alternaria sp. (0.2%), A. infectoria (0.1%), and A. gaisen (0.1%)”
Claim · model-written summary
A. infectoria was prevalent among the watermelon isolates, at 0.1%.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Interactor
- A. infectoriaAlternaria infectoriae3pathogen
- Outcome
- prevalente3
- Value
- 0.1%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Leaf Blight on Watermelon in China”
e3“A. tenuissima was the most prevalent (73.5%) of the six isolated species, followed by A. alternata (25.0%), A. cucumerina (1.1%), Alternaria sp. (0.2%), A. infectoria (0.1%), and A. gaisen (0.1%)”
Claim · model-written summary
A. gaisen was prevalent among the watermelon isolates, at 0.1%.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Interactor
- A. gaisenAlternaria gaisene3pathogen
- Outcome
- prevalente3
- Value
- 0.1%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Leaf Blight on Watermelon in China”
e3“A. tenuissima was the most prevalent (73.5%) of the six isolated species, followed by A. alternata (25.0%), A. cucumerina (1.1%), Alternaria sp. (0.2%), A. infectoria (0.1%), and A. gaisen (0.1%)”
Claim · model-written summary
A. cucumerina caused significantly higher watermelon leaf disease incidence (75.1%) than A. alternata.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse5
- Treatment
- inoculation of leaves with A. cucumerinae5
- Interactor
- A. cucumerinaAlternaria cucumerinae5pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee5
- Direction
- significantly highere5
- Value
- 75.1%e5
- Qualifier
- disease index (60.8)e5
- Comparator
- A. alternatae5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The average disease incidence (75.1%) and average disease index (60.8) of watermelon resulting from inoculation of leaves with A. cucumerina were significantly higher than levels resulting from A. alternata (52.9% and 37.2) and A. tenuissima (47.5% and 30.8)”
Claim · model-written summary
A. alternata caused lower watermelon leaf disease incidence (52.9%) than A. cucumerina.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse5
- Treatment
- inoculation of leavese5
- Interactor
- A. alternataAlternaria alternatae5pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee5
- Direction
- lowerinferrede5
- Value
- 52.9%e5
- Comparator
- A. cucumerinae5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The average disease incidence (75.1%) and average disease index (60.8) of watermelon resulting from inoculation of leaves with A. cucumerina were significantly higher than levels resulting from A. alternata (52.9% and 37.2) and A. tenuissima (47.5% and 30.8)”
Claim · model-written summary
A. tenuissima caused lower watermelon leaf disease incidence (47.5%) than A. cucumerina.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse5
- Treatment
- inoculation of leavese5
- Interactor
- A. tenuissimaAlternaria tenuissimae5pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee5
- Direction
- lowerinferrede5
- Value
- 47.5%e5
- Comparator
- A. cucumerinae5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The average disease incidence (75.1%) and average disease index (60.8) of watermelon resulting from inoculation of leaves with A. cucumerina were significantly higher than levels resulting from A. alternata (52.9% and 37.2) and A. tenuissima (47.5% and 30.8)”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with Alternaria sp. caused lower watermelon leaf disease incidence (70.0%) than A. cucumerina.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with Alternaria sp.e6
- Interactor
- Alternaria sp.Alternariae6pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee6
- Direction
- lowere6
- Value
- 70.0%e6
- Qualifier
- disease index (51.5)e6
- Comparator
- A. cucumerinae6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Leaf Blight on Watermelon in China”
e6“Inoculation with Alternaria sp. resulted in a disease incidence (70.0%) and disease index (51.5), which were lower than those of A. cucumerina”
Claim · model-written summary
Watermelon leaves inoculated with A. infectoria developed 28.9% disease incidence.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse7
- Interactor
- A. infectoriaAlternaria infectoriae7pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee7
- Value
- 28.9%e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The disease incidence and disease index in watermelon leaves inoculated with the one isolate of A. infectoria and the one isolate of A. gaisen present in the inoculated leaves were 28.9% and 16.4, and 48.9% and 31.4, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Watermelon leaves inoculated with A. gaisen developed 48.9% disease incidence.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse7
- Interactor
- A. gaisenAlternaria gaisene7pathogen
- Outcome
- disease incidencee7
- Value
- 48.9%e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“The disease incidence and disease index in watermelon leaves inoculated with the one isolate of A. infectoria and the one isolate of A. gaisen present in the inoculated leaves were 28.9% and 16.4, and 48.9% and 31.4, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
All six Alternaria species produced brown necrotic lesions on detached watermelon leaves.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse4
- Interactor
- Alternaria speciesAlternariae4pathogen
- Outcome
- brown necrotic lesionse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“all six Alternaria species could produce brown necrotic lesions on detached leaves of watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
A. infectoria, A. gaisen and an unclassified Alternaria species are first reported causal agents of leaf blight on watermelon.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Interactor
- A. infectoriaAlternaria infectoriae1pathogen
- Second interactor
- A. gaisenAlternaria gaisene1pathogen
- Outcome
- causal agents of leaf blighte1
- Qualifier
- an unclassified Alternaria speciese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Leaf Blight on Watermelon in China”
e1“This is the first report globally of A. infectoria, A. gaisen, and an unclassified Alternaria species as causal agents of leaf blight on watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternaria species causing watermelon leaf blight in China are more diverse than previously reported.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Interactor
- Alternaria speciesAlternariae1pathogen
- Outcome
- more diversee1
- Setting
- in Chinae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Leaf Blight on Watermelon in China”
e1“Alternaria species associated with watermelon leaf blight in China are more diverse than that has been previously reported”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · disease · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Positive and negative results
25 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
32 papers more in this group
See all 36 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.