Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium species is a globally important wheat disease. Host resistance to FHB is composed of multiple mechanisms, including resistance to initial infection (type I), disease spread (type II), toxin accumulation (type III), kernel infection (type IV), and yield loss (type V), of which the last three have been less studied. Traditionally, the Fusarium-damaged kernel rate (FDK; percentage of Fusarium-infected grains) from point- or spray-inoculated experiments was used as the parameter for type IV resistance, which may be problematic because of the influence of type II resistance. Here we propose a new definition for type IV resistance: that is, the resistance against Fusarium infection expressed in wheat grains that have the same chance in contact with the pathogen, under favorable temperature and humidity for infection. Fhb1 confers strong type II resistance, leading to significantly reduced FHB severity and FDK. To investigate the role of Fhb1 in type IV resistance, a pair of near-isogenic lines, R22W (Fhb1 carrier, resistant in terms of type II resistance) and S22V (non-Fhb1, susceptible), along with eight wheat genotypes differing at Fhb1 were inoculated at different grain development stages with Fusarium macrospores both in vivo and in vitro. The in vivo experiments with all florets inoculated demonstrated a significant reduction in thousand kernel weight (TKW) in inoculated grains, regardless of their Fhb1 status and developmental stages. Surprisingly, R22W showed more TKW reduction than S22V, which was supported by the scanning electron microscopy observation that confirmed the more severe degradation of starch granules in R22W grains. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that grains from both R22W and S22V promoted fungal colonization, but no significant difference was found between the two lines. In summary, our results indicated that the proposed type IV evaluation system is effective in determining different grain resistance levels, providing novel tools for FHB resistance breeding. The finding that Fhb1 is not associated with type IV resistance enriches our understanding of this gene.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with Fusarium significantly reduced thousand kernel weight in inoculated grains, regardless of Fhb1 status and developmental stage.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Organ / stage
- grainse1
- Treatment
- all florets inoculatede1
- Outcome
- thousand kernel weight (TKW)e1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Qualifier
- regardless of their Fhb1 status and developmental stagese1
- Setting
- in vivoe1
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium species is a globally important wheat disease”
e1“The in vivo experiments with all florets inoculated demonstrated a significant reduction in thousand kernel weight (TKW) in inoculated grains, regardless of their Fhb1 status and developmental stages”
Claim · model-written summary
The Fhb1 carrier line R22W showed more thousand kernel weight reduction than S22V after Fusarium inoculation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- R22We2
- Treatment
- Fusarium macrosporese4
- Outcome
- TKW reductione2
- Direction
- moree2
- Comparator
- S22Ve2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium species is a globally important wheat disease”
e2“Surprisingly, R22W showed more TKW reduction than S22V, which was supported by the scanning electron microscopy observation that confirmed the more severe degradation of starch granules in R22W grains”
e4“were inoculated at different grain development stages with Fusarium macrospores both in vivo and in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Scanning electron microscopy showed more severe degradation of starch granules in R22W grains.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- R22We2
- Organ / stage
- grainse2
- Outcome
- degradation of starch granulese2
- Direction
- more severee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium species is a globally important wheat disease”
e2“Surprisingly, R22W showed more TKW reduction than S22V, which was supported by the scanning electron microscopy observation that confirmed the more severe degradation of starch granules in R22W grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Grains of both R22W and S22V promoted Fusarium fungal colonization in vitro.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- R22We3
- Organ / stage
- grainse3
- Outcome
- fungal colonizatione3
- Direction
- promotede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium species is a globally important wheat disease”
e3“The in vitro experiments demonstrated that grains from both R22W and S22V promoted fungal colonization, but no significant difference was found between the two lines”
e4“were inoculated at different grain development stages with Fusarium macrospores both in vivo and in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
No significant difference in fungal colonization was found between the R22W and S22V grain lines in vitro.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- R22We3
- Treatment
- Fusarium macrosporese4
- Outcome
- fungal colonizatione3
- Direction
- no significant differencee3
- Comparator
- S22Ve3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium species is a globally important wheat disease”
e3“The in vitro experiments demonstrated that grains from both R22W and S22V promoted fungal colonization, but no significant difference was found between the two lines”
e4“were inoculated at different grain development stages with Fusarium macrospores both in vivo and in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Fhb1 is not associated with type IV resistance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Gene
- Fhb1e5
- Outcome
- type IV resistancee5
- Direction
- not associatede5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium species is a globally important wheat disease”
e5“The finding that Fhb1 is not associated with type IV resistance enriches our understanding of this gene”
Claim · model-written summary
The proposed type IV evaluation system is effective in determining different grain resistance levels.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- grain resistance levelse6
- Comparator
- Fusarium-damaged kernel ratee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium species is a globally important wheat disease”
e6“In summary, our results indicated that the proposed type IV evaluation system is effective in determining different grain resistance levels, providing novel tools for FHB resistance breeding”
e7“Traditionally, the Fusarium-damaged kernel rate (FDK; percentage of Fusarium-infected grains) from point- or spray-inoculated experiments was used as the parameter for type IV resistance”
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See all 23 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.