Abstract
Purpose: The study was conducted to evaluate the infestation and tolerance of Callosobruchus maculatus to stored cowpea treated with Anchomanes difformis extracts. Research Method: Different concentrations of A. difformis extracts were admixed with 20g of uninfested cowpea seeds in 250ml plastic dishes. Ten unsexed adult C. maculatus were released into each treatment and toxicity was assessed at 24 hrs interval days after infestation, number of eggs laid on cowpea seeds was counted. At the end of the experiment, seeds were reweighed, number of emerged adult and damaged seeds were recorded. Findings: All extracts were significantly toxic to C. maculatus as concentration increased. Ethyl acetate (EA) extract exerted highest mortality ranged 90-100%, while methanol recorded highest longevity. Maximum reduction in egg laid was observed with EA extract (51.44-74.45%), followed by methanol extract at 100 (58.69%) and 150 µl (69.56%). While maximum adult emergence inhibition was observed at 150 µl (93.33%) with EA. Cowpea seeds in control dishes suffered the heaviest infestation (31.76%) compared to EA and acetone extracts that recorded zero infestation at 100 and 150 µl concentration respectively. Susceptibility of cowpea seeds treated with extracts was significantly lower compared to control with 100%infestation.Limitations: No hindrances was encountered during the study. Originality/Value: The study revealed that A. difformis possesses oviposition deterrent and adult emergence inhibition properties against C. maculatus that can be utilize for the management of C. maculatus in stored cowpea seeds. Further studies are recommended for exploring the active compound responsible for its insecticidal activities and toxicological effect using albino rats as a model.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Extract toxicity to C. maculatus increased with concentration.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae0 - Treatment
- extractse1
- Interactor
- C. maculatus
Callosobruchus maculatuse1pest - Outcome
- toxic to C. maculatuse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stored cowpea treated with Anchomanes difformis extracts”
e1“All extracts were significantly toxic to C. maculatus as concentration increased.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethyl acetate extract caused the highest C. maculatus mortality, 90-100%.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- Ethyl acetate (EA) extracte1
- Outcome
- mortalitye1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 90-100%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stored cowpea treated with Anchomanes difformis extracts”
e1“Ethyl acetate (EA) extract exerted highest mortality ranged 90-100%”
Claim · model-written summary
Methanol extract produced highest pest longevity.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- methanole1
- Outcome
- longevitye1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stored cowpea treated with Anchomanes difformis extracts”
e1“methanol recorded highest longevity”
Claim · model-written summary
EA extract reduced eggs laid by 51.44-74.45%.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- EA extracte1
- Outcome
- egg laide1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 51.44-74.45%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stored cowpea treated with Anchomanes difformis extracts”
e1“Maximum reduction in egg laid was observed with EA extract (51.44-74.45%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Methanol extract at 100 µl reduced eggs laid by 58.69%.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- methanol extract at 100e1
- Value
- 58.69%e1
Not reportedComparatorOutcomeDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stored cowpea treated with Anchomanes difformis extracts”
e1“methanol extract at 100 (58.69%) and 150 µl (69.56%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Methanol extract at 150 µl reduced eggs laid by 69.56%.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- methanol extract at 100 (58.69%) and 150 µle1
- Outcome
- egg laide1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 69.56%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stored cowpea treated with Anchomanes difformis extracts”
e1“Maximum reduction in egg laid was observed with EA extract (51.44-74.45%), followed by methanol extract at 100 (58.69%) and 150 µl (69.56%).”
Claim · model-written summary
EA at 150 µl inhibited adult emergence by 93.33%.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- 150 µl (93.33%) with EAe1
- Outcome
- adult emergencee1
- Direction
- inhibitione1
- Value
- 93.33%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stored cowpea treated with Anchomanes difformis extracts”
e1“maximum adult emergence inhibition was observed at 150 µl (93.33%) with EA”
Claim · model-written summary
Control cowpea had 31.76% infestation, while EA and acetone treated seed had zero infestation at 100 and 150 µl.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- EA and acetone extractse1
- Outcome
- infestatione1
- Direction
- zero infestatione1
- Value
- 31.76%e1
- Comparator
- control dishese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stored cowpea treated with Anchomanes difformis extracts”
e1“Cowpea seeds in control dishes suffered the heaviest infestation (31.76%) compared to EA and acetone extracts that recorded zero infestation at 100 and 150 µl concentration respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract-treated cowpea was significantly less susceptible than control.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- extractse1
- Outcome
- Susceptibility of cowpea seedse1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Qualifier
- 100%infestatione1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stored cowpea treated with Anchomanes difformis extracts”
e1“Susceptibility of cowpea seeds treated with extracts was significantly lower compared to control with 100%infestation.”
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